diff --git a/config/compound_eye.png b/config/compound_eye.png
index ef3b17b..d80e6f6 100644
Binary files a/config/compound_eye.png and b/config/compound_eye.png differ
diff --git a/example_foe.py b/example_foe.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c463243
--- /dev/null
+++ b/example_foe.py
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import os
+os.environ["OPENCV_VIDEOIO_MSMF_ENABLE_HW_TRANSFORMS"] = "0"  # Windows 下禁用硬件加速，避免兼容性问题
+
+import cv2
+import orisys
+import numpy as np
+
+
+
+def main():
+   
+    
+    # 方式1: 从视频文件读取
+    # sensor = orisys.Sensor("./s1.mp4", isstitch=True, cuda=True, verbose=True)
+    
+    # 方式2: 从摄像头读取（取消注释使用）
+    sensor = orisys.Sensor(0, isstitch=True, cuda=True, verbose=True)
+
+    print("\n按 'q' 退出程序，按 'r' 重置光流追踪器")
+
+    while True:
+        # 步骤 2.1: 获取并拼接图像
+        sensor.get_img()
+        
+        # 步骤 2.2: 计算形变场
+        sensor.compute_deformation()
+        
+        fps, flow,vnormal, depth = sensor.read_info(
+            sensor.info.FPS,
+            sensor.info.VRAW,
+            sensor.info.VNORMAL,
+            sensor.info.DEPTH
+        )
+
+        # depth = get_depth_improved(vnormal, fps)
+        
+        # print(f"FPS: {fps:5.1f}, 深度: {np.min(depth):8.2f}, {np.mean(depth):8.2f}, {np.max(depth):8.2f}")
+
+        
+        
+     
+        arrows = orisys.util.draw_arrows(
+            sensor.img.copy(),  # 使用 copy() 避免修改原图
+            vnormal,
+            threshold=5,
+            grid_spacing=10,
+            arrow_scale=1.0
+        )
+        cv2.imshow("形变场 Deformation", arrows)
+
+
+        mag_img = orisys.util.draw_magnitude_map(
+            sensor.img.copy(),
+            vnormal,
+            threshold=5,
+            colormap=cv2.COLORMAP_HOT,
+            downsample_factor = 1
+        )
+        cv2.imshow("magnitude map", mag_img)
+
+        # 计算扩张焦点
+        # foe_result = orisys.util.compute_foe(vnormal,min_magnitude=1,expansion_threshold=0.01,downsample_factor=1)
+        foe_result = sensor.get_foe(multiple_foe=False, min_magnitude=1, expansion_threshold=0.01, downsample_factor=1)
+        # 在图像上绘制焦点和区域
+        image_with_foe = orisys.util.draw_foe(sensor.img.copy(), foe_result)
+        cv2.imshow("Focus of Expansion", image_with_foe)
+        
+        # 计算多个扩张焦点
+        # foe_result = orisys.util.compute_multiple_foe(vnormal, min_contour_area=3000,min_magnitude=1,expansion_threshold=0.001,downsample_factor=10)
+
+        # # 在图像上绘制多个焦点和区域
+        # image_with_foe = orisys.util.draw_multiple_foe(sensor.img.copy(), foe_result)
+        # cv2.imshow("Multiple FOE", image_with_foe)
+
+        # =====================================================================
+        # 4. 键盘控制
+        # =====================================================================
+        key = cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF
+        if key == ord("q"):
+            print("\n退出程序...")
+            break
+        if key == ord("r"):
+            # 重置光流追踪器（当追踪漂移时使用）
+            sensor.reset()
+            print("光流追踪器已重置")
+    
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 5. 清理资源
+    # =========================================================================
+    sensor.disconnect()  # 释放视频源和相关资源
+    cv2.destroyAllWindows()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/src/orisys/get_depth.py b/src/orisys/get_depth.py
index 1e076d1..39be8f1 100644
--- a/src/orisys/get_depth.py
+++ b/src/orisys/get_depth.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import numpy as np
 import cv2
 
-def compute_foe(flow_field, min_magnitude=1.0, expansion_threshold=1, downsample_factor=10, return_all_contours=False,kernel_size=(5,5)):
+def compute_foe(flow_field, min_magnitude=1.0, expansion_threshold=1, downsample_factor=10, return_all_contours=False, kernel_size=(5,5), denoise_sigma=1.5):
     """
     计算光流场的扩张焦点(Focus of Expansion)。
     
@@ -11,97 +11,83 @@ def compute_foe(flow_field, min_magnitude=1.0, expansion_threshold=1, downsample
         expansion_threshold: 扩张判定阈值，用于区分扩张和收缩区域
         downsample_factor: 下采样因子，用于平滑计算（默认10）
         return_all_contours: 是否返回所有轮廓（默认False，仅返回最大轮廓）
+        kernel_size: 形态学操作的核大小
+        denoise_sigma: 降噪高斯滤波的标准差（默认1.5，设为0禁用降噪）
         
     Returns:
-        dict: 包含扩张焦点信息的字典，包括：
-            - 'foe_point': 扩张焦点坐标 (x, y)，如果找到单个焦点
-            - 'expansion_region': 扩张区域轮廓（最大轮廓）
-            - 'expansion_mask': 扩张区域二值掩码
-            - 'contraction_mask': 收缩区域二值掩码
-            - 'divergence_map': 散度图
-            - '_all_contours': 所有轮廓列表（仅当return_all_contours=True时）
+        dict: 包含扩张焦点信息的字典
     """
     H, W = flow_field.shape[:2]
     
-    # 平滑处理：下采样光流场，然后计算并插值回原尺寸
+    # 下采样并计算散度，然后插值回原尺寸
     if downsample_factor > 1:
-        # 下采样光流场
-        flow_field_downsampled = flow_field[::downsample_factor, ::downsample_factor, :]
-        h_ds, w_ds = flow_field_downsampled.shape[:2]
+        flow_ds = flow_field[::downsample_factor, ::downsample_factor, :]
+        u_ds, v_ds = flow_ds[:, :, 0], flow_ds[:, :, 1]
         
-        # 在下采样的光流场上计算幅度和散度
-        u_ds = flow_field_downsampled[:, :, 0]
-        v_ds = flow_field_downsampled[:, :, 1]
+        # 降噪：在计算散度之前对光流场进行平滑
+        if denoise_sigma > 0:
+            u_ds = cv2.GaussianBlur(u_ds, (0, 0), denoise_sigma)
+            v_ds = cv2.GaussianBlur(v_ds, (0, 0), denoise_sigma)
         
-        # 计算下采样后的光流幅度
         magnitude_ds = np.sqrt(u_ds**2 + v_ds**2)
+        divergence_ds = np.gradient(u_ds, axis=1) + np.gradient(v_ds, axis=0)
         
-        # 计算下采样后的散度
-        du_dx_ds = np.gradient(u_ds, axis=1)
-        dv_dy_ds = np.gradient(v_ds, axis=0)
-        divergence_ds = du_dx_ds + dv_dy_ds
+        # 降噪：在计算散度之后对散度图进行平滑
+        if denoise_sigma > 0:
+            divergence_ds = cv2.GaussianBlur(divergence_ds, (0, 0), denoise_sigma)
         
-        # 插值回原尺寸
         magnitude = cv2.resize(magnitude_ds, (W, H), interpolation=cv2.INTER_CUBIC)
         divergence = cv2.resize(divergence_ds, (W, H), interpolation=cv2.INTER_CUBIC)
     else:
-        # 不进行下采样，直接计算
-        # 计算光流幅度
-        magnitude = np.sqrt(flow_field[:, :, 0]**2 + flow_field[:, :, 1]**2)
+        u, v = flow_field[:, :, 0], flow_field[:, :, 1]
         
-        # 计算散度 (divergence)
-        u = flow_field[:, :, 0]
-        v = flow_field[:, :, 1]
+        # 降噪：在计算散度之前对光流场进行平滑
+        if denoise_sigma > 0:
+            u = cv2.GaussianBlur(u, (0, 0), denoise_sigma)
+            v = cv2.GaussianBlur(v, (0, 0), denoise_sigma)
         
-        # 使用中心差分计算散度
-        du_dx = np.gradient(u, axis=1)
-        dv_dy = np.gradient(v, axis=0)
-        divergence = du_dx + dv_dy
+        magnitude = np.sqrt(u**2 + v**2)
+        divergence = np.gradient(u, axis=1) + np.gradient(v, axis=0)
+        
+        # 降噪：在计算散度之后对散度图进行平滑
+        if denoise_sigma > 0:
+            divergence = cv2.GaussianBlur(divergence, (0, 0), denoise_sigma)
     
-    # 创建有效点掩码（幅度足够大的点）
+    # 创建掩码
     valid_mask = magnitude > min_magnitude
-    
-    # 创建扩张和收缩区域掩码
-    expansion_mask = np.zeros_like(divergence, dtype=bool)
-    contraction_mask = np.zeros_like(divergence, dtype=bool)
-    
-    expansion_mask[valid_mask] = divergence[valid_mask] > expansion_threshold
-    contraction_mask[valid_mask] = divergence[valid_mask] < -expansion_threshold
+    expansion_mask = (valid_mask & (divergence > expansion_threshold))
+    contraction_mask = (valid_mask & (divergence < -expansion_threshold))
     
     result = {
         'expansion_mask': expansion_mask,
         'contraction_mask': contraction_mask,
-        'divergence_map': divergence
+        'divergence_map': divergence,
+        'foe_points': [0, 0],
+        'is_foe_found': False
     }
     
     # 寻找扩张区域轮廓
     expansion_binary = expansion_mask.astype(np.uint8) * 255
     if np.any(expansion_binary):
-        # 应用形态学闭运算来填充小孔和连接邻近区域
-        kernel = np.ones(kernel_size, np.uint8)
-        expansion_binary_closed = cv2.morphologyEx(expansion_binary, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel)
-        
+        expansion_binary_closed = cv2.morphologyEx(expansion_binary, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, np.ones(kernel_size, np.uint8))
         contours, _ = cv2.findContours(expansion_binary_closed, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
+        
         if contours:
-            # 如果请求返回所有轮廓，保存它们
+            result['is_foe_found'] = True
             if return_all_contours:
                 result['_all_contours'] = contours
             
-            # 找到最大的扩张区域轮廓
             largest_contour = max(contours, key=cv2.contourArea)
             result['expansion_region'] = largest_contour
             
-            # 计算扩张区域的质心作为焦点
             M = cv2.moments(largest_contour)
             if M["m00"] > 0:
-                cx = int(M["m10"] / M["m00"])
-                cy = int(M["m01"] / M["m00"])
-                result['foe_point'] = (cx, cy)
+                result['foe_point'] = (int(M["m10"] / M["m00"]), int(M["m01"] / M["m00"]))
     
     return result
 
 def compute_multiple_foe(flow_field, min_magnitude=1.0, expansion_threshold=0.001, 
-                         downsample_factor=10, min_contour_area=3000):
+                         downsample_factor=10, min_contour_area=3000, denoise_sigma=1.5, kernel_size=(5,5)):
     """
     计算光流场的多个扩张焦点(Foci of Expansion)。
     
@@ -111,6 +97,8 @@ def compute_multiple_foe(flow_field, min_magnitude=1.0, expansion_threshold=0.00
         expansion_threshold: 扩张判定阈值，用于区分扩张和收缩区域
         downsample_factor: 下采样因子，用于平滑计算（默认10）
         min_contour_area: 最小轮廓面积阈值，小于此值的轮廓会被忽略
+        denoise_sigma: 降噪高斯滤波的标准差（默认1.5，设为0禁用降噪）
+        kernel_size: 形态学操作的核大小
         
     Returns:
         dict: 包含多个扩张焦点信息的字典，包括：
@@ -126,7 +114,9 @@ def compute_multiple_foe(flow_field, min_magnitude=1.0, expansion_threshold=0.00
         min_magnitude=min_magnitude,
         expansion_threshold=expansion_threshold,
         downsample_factor=downsample_factor,
-        return_all_contours=True
+        return_all_contours=True,
+        kernel_size=kernel_size,
+        denoise_sigma=denoise_sigma
     )
     
     # 构建多焦点结果，复用基础数据
diff --git a/src/orisys/sensor.py b/src/orisys/sensor.py
index 8025124..b68ae40 100644
--- a/src/orisys/sensor.py
+++ b/src/orisys/sensor.py
@@ -241,12 +241,12 @@ class Sensor:
 
         return self.flow
 
-    def get_foe(self, multiple_foe=False, min_contour_area=3000, min_magnitude=1.0, expansion_threshold=1, downsample_factor=10,kernel_size=(5,5)):
+    def get_foe(self, multiple_foe=False, min_contour_area=3000, min_magnitude=1.0, expansion_threshold=1, downsample_factor=10, kernel_size=(5,5), denoise_sigma=1.5):
         
         if multiple_foe:
-            return compute_multiple_foe(self.vnormal, min_contour_area=min_contour_area, min_magnitude=min_magnitude, expansion_threshold=expansion_threshold, downsample_factor=downsample_factor,kernel_size=kernel_size)
+            return compute_multiple_foe(self.vnormal, min_contour_area=min_contour_area, min_magnitude=min_magnitude, expansion_threshold=expansion_threshold, downsample_factor=downsample_factor, kernel_size=kernel_size, denoise_sigma=denoise_sigma)
         else:
-            return compute_foe(self.vnormal, min_magnitude=min_magnitude, expansion_threshold=expansion_threshold, downsample_factor=downsample_factor,kernel_size=kernel_size)
+            return compute_foe(self.vnormal, min_magnitude=min_magnitude, expansion_threshold=expansion_threshold, downsample_factor=downsample_factor, kernel_size=kernel_size, denoise_sigma=denoise_sigma)
 
     def update(self):
         """
diff --git a/test_depth.py b/test_depth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d11ca8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test_depth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+import os
+os.environ["OPENCV_VIDEOIO_MSMF_ENABLE_HW_TRANSFORMS"] = "0"  # Windows 下禁用硬件加速，避免兼容性问题
+
+import cv2
+import orisys
+import numpy as np
+from scipy.ndimage import gaussian_filter
+
+
+def get_depth(div, fps, H=400, W=400, Z0=30, win_size=10):
+        # Precompute
+    dt = 1.0 / fps  # e.g., 1/30
+    Z_map = np.full((H, W), Z0, dtype=np.float32)  # initial depth map
+
+
+    for win_y in range(0, H, win_size):
+        for win_x in range(0, W, win_size):
+            y1, y2 = win_y, min(win_y + win_size, H)
+            x1, x2 = win_x, min(win_x + win_size, W)
+            
+            # Robust divergence estimate
+            D_win = np.median(div[y1:y2, x1:x2])
+            
+            # Avoid numerical issues
+            if np.abs(D_win) < 1e-3:
+                continue
+                
+            # Update depth in window
+            Z_old = Z_map[y1, x1]  # or use window mean
+            Z_new = Z_old * np.exp(-0.5 * D_win * dt)
+            
+            # Optionally fuse with dot-based depth if available
+            # Z_new = alpha * Z_new + (1 - alpha) * Z_from_dots
+            
+            Z_map[y1:y2, x1:x2] = Z_new
+    return Z_map
+
+def main():
+   
+    
+    # 方式1: 从视频文件读取
+    # sensor = orisys.Sensor("./s1.mp4", isstitch=True, cuda=True, verbose=True)
+    
+    # 方式2: 从摄像头读取（取消注释使用）
+    sensor = orisys.Sensor(0, isstitch=True, cuda=True, verbose=True)
+
+    print("\n按 'q' 退出程序，按 'r' 重置光流追踪器")
+
+    while True:
+        # 步骤 2.1: 获取并拼接图像
+        sensor.get_img()
+        
+        # 步骤 2.2: 计算形变场
+        sensor.compute_deformation()
+        
+        fps, flow,vnormal, depth = sensor.read_info(
+            sensor.info.FPS,
+            sensor.info.VRAW,
+            sensor.info.VNORMAL,
+            sensor.info.DEPTH
+        )
+
+        # depth = get_depth_improved(vnormal, fps)
+        
+        print(f"FPS: {fps:5.1f}, 深度: {np.min(depth):8.2f}, {np.mean(depth):8.2f}, {np.max(depth):8.2f}")
+
+        
+        
+     
+        arrows = orisys.util.draw_arrows(
+            sensor.img.copy(),  # 使用 copy() 避免修改原图
+            vnormal,
+            threshold=5,
+            grid_spacing=10,
+            arrow_scale=1.0
+        )
+        cv2.imshow("形变场 Deformation", arrows)
+
+        # # 绘制深度图（热力图）
+        # # 深度值缩放：中心值 30，范围 ±10（即 20-40 映射到 0-255）
+        # depth_center = 30  # 中心深度值
+        # depth_range = 5  # 变化范围 ±10
+        # depth_normalized = (depth - (depth_center - depth_range)) / (2 * depth_range)  # 归一化到 0-1
+        # depth_normalized = np.clip(depth_normalized, 0, 1)  # 限制在 0-1 范围
+        depth_img = cv2.applyColorMap(
+            (depth * 255.0).astype('uint8'),
+            cv2.COLORMAP_HOT
+        )
+        cv2.imshow("深度图 Depth", depth_img)
+
+        mag_img = orisys.util.draw_magnitude_map(
+            sensor.img.copy(),
+            vnormal,
+            threshold=5,
+            colormap=cv2.COLORMAP_HOT
+        )
+        cv2.imshow("magnitude map", mag_img)
+
+        # =====================================================================
+        # 4. 键盘控制
+        # =====================================================================
+        key = cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF
+        if key == ord("q"):
+            print("\n退出程序...")
+            break
+        if key == ord("r"):
+            # 重置光流追踪器（当追踪漂移时使用）
+            sensor.reset()
+            print("光流追踪器已重置")
+    
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 5. 清理资源
+    # =========================================================================
+    sensor.disconnect()  # 释放视频源和相关资源
+    cv2.destroyAllWindows()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/test_depth_v2.py b/test_depth_v2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd2c962
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test_depth_v2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import os
+os.environ["OPENCV_VIDEOIO_MSMF_ENABLE_HW_TRANSFORMS"] = "0"  # Windows 下禁用硬件加速，避免兼容性问题
+
+import cv2
+import orisys
+import numpy as np
+from scipy.ndimage import gaussian_filter
+
+
+def main():
+   
+    
+    # 方式1: 从视频文件读取
+    # sensor = orisys.Sensor("./s1.mp4", isstitch=True, cuda=True, verbose=True)
+    
+    # 方式2: 从摄像头读取（取消注释使用）
+    sensor = orisys.Sensor(0, isstitch=True, cuda=True, verbose=True)
+
+    print("\n按 'q' 退出程序，按 'r' 重置光流追踪器")
+
+    while True:
+        # 步骤 2.1: 获取并拼接图像
+        sensor.get_img()
+        
+        # 步骤 2.2: 计算形变场
+        sensor.compute_deformation()
+        
+        fps, flow,vnormal, depth = sensor.read_info(
+            sensor.info.FPS,
+            sensor.info.VRAW,
+            sensor.info.VNORMAL,
+            sensor.info.DEPTH
+        )       
+         
+        arrows = orisys.util.draw_arrows(
+            sensor.img.copy(),  # 使用 copy() 避免修改原图
+            vnormal,
+            threshold=5,
+            grid_spacing=10,
+            arrow_scale=1.0
+        )
+        cv2.imshow("形变场 Deformation", arrows)
+
+        mag = np.sqrt(vnormal[:, :, 0]**2 + vnormal[:, :, 1]**2)
+        mag_img = cv2.applyColorMap(
+            (mag/20 * 255.0).astype('uint8'),
+            cv2.COLORMAP_JET
+        )
+        cv2.imshow("magnitude map", mag_img)
+
+        print(np.median(mag), np.min(mag), np.max(mag))
+
+        # =====================================================================
+        # 4. 键盘控制
+        # =====================================================================
+        key = cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF
+        if key == ord("q"):
+            print("\n退出程序...")
+            break
+        if key == ord("r"):
+            # 重置光流追踪器（当追踪漂移时使用）
+            sensor.reset()
+            print("光流追踪器已重置")
+    
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 5. 清理资源
+    # =========================================================================
+    sensor.disconnect()  # 释放视频源和相关资源
+    cv2.destroyAllWindows()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/test_foe_depth.py b/test_foe_depth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fca85e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test_foe_depth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+import os
+os.environ["OPENCV_VIDEOIO_MSMF_ENABLE_HW_TRANSFORMS"] = "0"  # Windows 下禁用硬件加速，避免兼容性问题
+
+import cv2
+import orisys
+import numpy as np
+from scipy.ndimage import gaussian_filter
+
+def create_colorbar(min_val, max_val, height=400, width=60, colormap=cv2.COLORMAP_JET):
+    """
+    创建颜色条图像，显示深度值的颜色映射尺度。
+    
+    Args:
+        min_val: 最小值
+        max_val: 最大值
+        height: 颜色条高度（默认400）
+        width: 颜色条宽度（默认60）
+        colormap: OpenCV颜色映射（默认JET）
+        
+    Returns:
+        np.ndarray: 包含颜色条和标签的BGR图像
+    """
+    # 创建颜色条：从0到255的渐变（从底部到顶部）
+    gradient = np.linspace(255, 0, height, dtype=np.uint8).reshape(-1, 1)
+    gradient = np.tile(gradient, (1, width))
+    colorbar = cv2.applyColorMap(gradient, colormap)
+    
+    # 添加文本标签
+    font = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX
+    font_scale = 0.4
+    thickness = 1
+    color = (255, 255, 255)  # 白色文字
+    
+    # 在顶部显示最大值
+    max_text = f"{max_val:.1f}"
+    (text_width, text_height), _ = cv2.getTextSize(max_text, font, font_scale, thickness)
+    cv2.putText(colorbar, max_text, (width - text_width - 5, text_height + 5), 
+               font, font_scale, color, thickness, cv2.LINE_AA)
+    
+    # 在中间显示中值
+    mid_val = (min_val + max_val) / 2
+    mid_text = f"{mid_val:.1f}"
+    (text_width, text_height), _ = cv2.getTextSize(mid_text, font, font_scale, thickness)
+    cv2.putText(colorbar, mid_text, (width - text_width - 5, height // 2 + text_height // 2), 
+               font, font_scale, color, thickness, cv2.LINE_AA)
+    
+    # 在底部显示最小值
+    min_text = f"{min_val:.1f}"
+    (text_width, text_height), _ = cv2.getTextSize(min_text, font, font_scale, thickness)
+    cv2.putText(colorbar, min_text, (width - text_width - 5, height - 5), 
+               font, font_scale, color, thickness, cv2.LINE_AA)
+    
+    return colorbar
+
+def add_colorbar_to_image(image, min_val, max_val, colormap=cv2.COLORMAP_JET):
+    """
+    将颜色条添加到图像右侧。
+    
+    Args:
+        image: 原始图像
+        min_val: 最小值
+        max_val: 最大值
+        colormap: OpenCV颜色映射（默认JET）
+        
+    Returns:
+        np.ndarray: 添加了颜色条的图像
+    """
+    h, w = image.shape[:2]
+    colorbar = create_colorbar(min_val, max_val, height=h, width=60, colormap=colormap)
+    
+    # 水平拼接图像和颜色条
+    combined = np.hstack([image, colorbar])
+    return combined
+
+def estimate_depth(foe=None, flow=None, init_depth=None, min_radial_flow=0.01, T_z=1.0, 
+                   expansion_mask=None, contraction_mask=None):
+    """
+    基于FOE（扩张焦点）和光流场估计深度。
+    
+    Args:
+        foe: FOE坐标，可以是：
+            - (x, y) 元组或列表
+            - None（如果未提供，返回零深度图）
+        flow: 光流场，形状为 (H, W, 2) 的 numpy 数组，包含 u 和 v 分量
+        init_depth: 初始深度值，可以是：
+            - 标量：用于统一缩放深度
+            - numpy数组：用于逐像素参考深度（会进行混合）
+            - None：不进行缩放
+        min_radial_flow: 最小径向流阈值，避免除零（默认0.01）
+        T_z: 平移速度参数，用于深度计算（默认1.0）
+        expansion_mask: 扩张区域掩码（可选），如果提供，只在掩码内计算深度
+        contraction_mask: 收缩区域掩码（可选），如果提供，只在掩码内计算深度
+        
+    Returns:
+        np.ndarray: 深度图，形状为 (H, W)
+        
+    Examples:
+        # 使用FOE坐标和vnormal估计深度
+        depth = estimate_depth(foe=(cx, cy), flow=vnormal, init_depth=30)
+        
+        # 使用FOE列表和掩码
+        depth = estimate_depth(foe=[cx, cy], flow=vnormal, expansion_mask=expansion_mask, contraction_mask=contraction_mask)
+    """
+    if flow is None:
+        raise ValueError("flow parameter is required")
+    
+    H, W = flow.shape[:2]
+    u, v = flow[..., 0], flow[..., 1]
+    
+    # 创建有效掩码：扩张和收缩区域的并集
+    if expansion_mask is not None or contraction_mask is not None:
+        if expansion_mask is not None and contraction_mask is not None:
+            valid_mask = expansion_mask | contraction_mask
+        elif expansion_mask is not None:
+            valid_mask = expansion_mask
+        else:
+            valid_mask = contraction_mask
+    else:
+        # 如果没有提供掩码，使用全图
+        valid_mask = np.ones((H, W), dtype=bool)
+    
+    # 提取FOE坐标
+    if foe is None:
+        # 如果没有提供FOE，返回零深度图
+        return np.zeros((H, W), dtype=np.float32)
+    
+    if isinstance(foe, (tuple, list, np.ndarray)):
+        if len(foe) >= 2:
+            fx, fy = float(foe[0]), float(foe[1])
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"FOE coordinates must have at least 2 elements, got {len(foe)}")
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"FOE must be a tuple, list, or array, got {type(foe)}")
+    
+    # 确保FOE坐标在图像范围内
+    fx = np.clip(fx, 0, W - 1)
+    fy = np.clip(fy, 0, H - 1)
+    
+    # 创建坐标网格
+    yy, xx = np.meshgrid(np.arange(H), np.arange(W), indexing='ij')
+    
+    # 计算从FOE到每个点的径向向量
+    rx = xx - fx
+    ry = yy - fy
+    r = np.sqrt(rx**2 + ry**2)
+    
+    # 避免除零：在FOE点附近使用小值
+    r_safe = np.maximum(r, 1.0)
+    
+    # 计算径向单位向量
+    radial_unit_x = rx / r_safe
+    radial_unit_y = ry / r_safe
+    
+    # 计算径向流（光流在径向方向上的投影）
+    # 正值表示远离FOE，负值表示朝向FOE
+    radial_flow = u * radial_unit_x + v * radial_unit_y
+    
+    # 创建掩码：FOE附近区域（半径内）
+    foe_radius = 10  # FOE附近的半径（像素）
+    mask_foe_region = r < foe_radius
+    
+    # 处理FOE附近区域：使用邻域的中位数径向流（更稳健）
+    if np.any(mask_foe_region):
+        # 创建FOE区域的扩展掩码（用于获取邻域值）
+        mask_foe_extended = r < (foe_radius + 5)
+        if np.any(mask_foe_extended & ~mask_foe_region):
+            # 使用FOE区域外的邻域值的中位数
+            neighbor_flow = radial_flow[mask_foe_extended & ~mask_foe_region]
+            if len(neighbor_flow) > 0:
+                radial_flow[mask_foe_region] = np.median(neighbor_flow)
+            else:
+                radial_flow[mask_foe_region] = 0.0
+        else:
+            # 如果没有邻域值，使用全局中位数
+            if np.any(~mask_foe_region):
+                radial_flow[mask_foe_region] = np.median(radial_flow[~mask_foe_region])
+            else:
+                radial_flow[mask_foe_region] = 0.0
+    
+    # 深度计算：Z = (T_z * r) / radial_flow
+    # 当径向流为正（远离FOE）时，深度为正
+    radial_flow_safe = np.where(
+        np.abs(radial_flow) < min_radial_flow,
+        np.sign(radial_flow) * min_radial_flow,
+        radial_flow
+    )
+    
+    # 计算相对深度（仅在有效掩码内）
+    depth = np.zeros((H, W), dtype=np.float32)
+    
+    # 只在有效掩码内计算深度
+    if np.any(valid_mask):
+        depth_valid = (T_z * r[valid_mask]) / np.maximum(np.abs(radial_flow_safe[valid_mask]), min_radial_flow)
+        depth_valid = np.abs(depth_valid)  # 使用绝对值
+        depth[valid_mask] = depth_valid
+    
+    # 对于掩码外的像素，设置为掩码内的最低深度值
+    if np.any(valid_mask):
+        min_depth_in_mask = np.min(depth[valid_mask])
+        depth[~valid_mask] = min_depth_in_mask
+    else:
+        # 如果没有有效掩码，使用初始深度或0
+        depth.fill(init_depth if init_depth is not None and np.isscalar(init_depth) else 0.0)
+    
+    # 处理FOE附近区域：使用平滑后的值
+    if np.any(mask_foe_region):
+        depth_smoothed = gaussian_filter(depth, sigma=2.0)
+        depth[mask_foe_region] = depth_smoothed[mask_foe_region]
+    
+    # 应用高斯滤波平滑整个深度图，减少噪声和伪影
+    depth = gaussian_filter(depth, sigma=1.5)
+    
+    # 缩放深度（如果提供了初始深度，只使用掩码内的值）
+    if init_depth is not None:
+        if np.isscalar(init_depth):
+            # 统一缩放：将深度中位数缩放到init_depth（只使用掩码内的值）
+            if np.any(valid_mask):
+                valid_depth = depth[valid_mask & (depth > 0)]
+                if len(valid_depth) > 0:
+                    median_depth = np.median(valid_depth)
+                    if median_depth > 0:
+                        scale = init_depth / median_depth
+                        depth *= scale
+        elif isinstance(init_depth, np.ndarray):
+            # 逐像素参考深度：计算缩放因子并混合（只使用掩码内的值）
+            if init_depth.shape == depth.shape and np.any(valid_mask):
+                valid_ref = valid_mask & (init_depth > 0) & (depth > 0)
+                if np.any(valid_ref):
+                    # 计算缩放因子
+                    scale = np.median(init_depth[valid_ref] / depth[valid_ref])
+                    depth *= scale
+                    
+                    # 可选：与参考深度混合
+                    alpha = 0.3  # 混合因子
+                    depth = alpha * depth + (1 - alpha) * init_depth
+        
+        # 缩放后，确保掩码外的像素保持为掩码内的最低深度值
+        if np.any(valid_mask):
+            min_depth_in_mask = np.min(depth[valid_mask])
+            depth[~valid_mask] = min_depth_in_mask
+    
+    # 后处理：处理异常值
+    depth = np.nan_to_num(depth, nan=0.0, posinf=1000.0, neginf=0.0)
+    
+    # 裁剪到合理范围（使用百分位数，但只在掩码内）
+    if np.any(valid_mask) and np.any(depth[valid_mask] > 0):
+        p1, p99 = np.percentile(depth[valid_mask & (depth > 0)], [1, 99])
+        depth = np.clip(depth, p1, p99)
+    
+    # 最终平滑：对FOE附近区域再次应用平滑，确保伪影被消除
+    depth_final_smooth = gaussian_filter(depth, sigma=1.0)
+    
+    # 重新计算FOE附近掩码
+    rx = xx - fx
+    ry = yy - fy
+    r = np.sqrt(rx**2 + ry**2)
+    mask_foe_region = r < foe_radius
+    
+    # 在FOE附近区域使用更平滑的值（但只在有效掩码内）
+    if np.any(mask_foe_region & valid_mask):
+        depth[mask_foe_region & valid_mask] = depth_final_smooth[mask_foe_region & valid_mask]
+    
+    # 确保掩码外的像素保持为掩码内的最低深度值
+    if np.any(valid_mask):
+        min_depth_in_mask = np.min(depth[valid_mask])
+        depth[~valid_mask] = min_depth_in_mask
+    
+    return depth.astype(np.float32)
+
+
+
+def main():
+   
+    
+    # 方式1: 从视频文件读取
+    # sensor = orisys.Sensor("./s1.mp4", isstitch=True, cuda=True, verbose=True)
+    
+    # 方式2: 从摄像头读取（取消注释使用）
+    sensor = orisys.Sensor(0, isstitch=True, cuda=True, verbose=True)
+
+    print("\n按 'q' 退出程序，按 'r' 重置光流追踪器")
+
+    while True:
+        # 步骤 2.1: 获取并拼接图像
+        sensor.get_img()
+        
+        # 步骤 2.2: 计算形变场
+        sensor.compute_deformation()
+        
+        fps, flow,vnormal, depth = sensor.read_info(
+            sensor.info.FPS,
+            sensor.info.VRAW,
+            sensor.info.VNORMAL,
+            sensor.info.DEPTH
+        )
+
+        # depth = get_depth_improved(vnormal, fps)
+               
+     
+        arrows = orisys.util.draw_arrows(
+            sensor.img.copy(),  # 使用 copy() 避免修改原图
+            vnormal,
+            threshold=5,
+            grid_spacing=10,
+            arrow_scale=1.0
+        )
+        cv2.imshow("形变场 Deformation", arrows)
+
+        # # 绘制深度图（热力图）
+        # # 深度值缩放：中心值 30，范围 ±10（即 20-40 映射到 0-255）
+
+
+        mag_img = orisys.util.draw_magnitude_map(
+            sensor.img.copy(),
+            vnormal,
+            threshold=5,
+            colormap=cv2.COLORMAP_HOT,
+            downsample_factor = 1
+        )
+        cv2.imshow("magnitude map", mag_img)
+
+        # 计算扩张焦点
+        # foe_result = orisys.util.compute_foe(vnormal,min_magnitude=1,expansion_threshold=0.01,downsample_factor=1)
+        foe_result = sensor.get_foe(multiple_foe=False, min_magnitude=1, expansion_threshold=0.01, downsample_factor=1)
+        # 在图像上绘制焦点和区域
+        image_with_foe = orisys.util.draw_foe(sensor.img.copy(), foe_result)
+        cv2.imshow("Focus of Expansion", image_with_foe)
+
+        divergence = foe_result['divergence_map']
+        
+        # 计算散度统计信息
+        div_min = np.min(divergence)
+        div_max = np.max(divergence)
+        div_median = np.median(divergence)
+        print(f"散度统计: min={div_min:8.4f}, median={div_median:8.4f}, max={div_max:8.4f}")
+        
+        # 归一化散度值到0-255范围（使用绝对值，然后归一化）
+        div_abs = np.abs(divergence)
+        if div_abs.max() > div_abs.min():
+            div_normalized = ((div_abs - div_abs.min()) / (div_abs.max() - div_abs.min()) * 255).astype(np.uint8)
+        else:
+            div_normalized = np.zeros_like(div_abs, dtype=np.uint8)
+        
+        # 应用颜色映射（使用JET：蓝色=低散度，红色=高散度）
+        divergence_colored = cv2.applyColorMap(div_normalized, cv2.COLORMAP_JET)
+        
+        # 添加颜色条显示散度尺度
+        div_display_min = div_abs.min()
+        div_display_max = div_abs.max()
+        divergence_with_colorbar = add_colorbar_to_image(divergence_colored, div_display_min, div_display_max, cv2.COLORMAP_JET)
+        cv2.imshow("divergence map", divergence_with_colorbar)
+
+        # 检查是否找到FOE
+        if 'foe_point' in foe_result and foe_result.get('is_foe_found', False):
+            (cx, cy) = foe_result['foe_point']
+            # 使用FOE坐标和vnormal估计深度，传入扩张和收缩掩码
+            Z_rel = estimate_depth(
+                foe=(cx, cy), 
+                flow=vnormal, 
+                init_depth=30, 
+                T_z=1.0,
+                expansion_mask=foe_result.get('expansion_mask'),
+                contraction_mask=foe_result.get('contraction_mask')
+            )
+            
+            # 计算深度统计信息（用于颜色映射缩放）
+            z_min = np.min(Z_rel)
+            z_max = np.max(Z_rel)
+            z_median = np.median(Z_rel)
+            
+            # 打印深度统计信息
+            print(f"FPS: {fps:5.1f}, FOE: ({cx:3d}, {cy:3d})")
+            print(f"  深度统计 (用于颜色映射缩放): min={z_min:8.2f}, median={z_median:8.2f}, max={z_max:8.2f}")
+            
+            # 智能颜色映射缩放：根据统计信息设置合理的显示范围
+            # 如果最大值远大于中位数，说明存在异常值，使用百分位数范围
+            if z_max > 5 * z_median:
+                # 存在异常值：使用百分位数范围，以median为中心
+                z_p1 = np.percentile(Z_rel, 1)
+                z_p99 = np.percentile(Z_rel, 99)
+                z_p5 = np.percentile(Z_rel, 5)
+                z_p95 = np.percentile(Z_rel, 95)
+                
+                # 计算以median为中心的对称范围
+                # 使用5%和95%百分位数来确定主要数据范围
+                range_low = z_median - z_p5
+                range_high = z_p95 - z_median
+                range_symmetric = max(range_low, range_high)
+                
+                # 设置显示范围：median ± 对称范围，但不小于1%和99%百分位数
+                z_display_min = max(z_p1, z_median - 2 * range_symmetric)
+                z_display_max = min(z_p99, z_median + 2 * range_symmetric)
+                
+                print(f"  使用百分位数范围 (避免异常值): [{z_display_min:8.2f}, {z_display_max:8.2f}]")
+            else:
+                # 正常范围：使用min-max
+                z_display_min = z_min
+                z_display_max = z_max
+                print(f"  使用完整范围: [{z_display_min:8.2f}, {z_display_max:8.2f}]")
+            
+            # 裁剪深度值到显示范围并归一化
+            depth_clipped = np.clip(Z_rel, z_display_min, z_display_max)
+            depth_normalized = (depth_clipped - z_display_min) / (z_display_max - z_display_min + 1e-6)
+            depth_normalized = np.clip(depth_normalized, 0, 1)
+            
+            # 使用JET颜色映射显示深度图（蓝色=低深度，红色=高深度）
+            depth_colored = cv2.applyColorMap((depth_normalized * 255).astype(np.uint8), cv2.COLORMAP_JET)
+            
+            # 添加颜色条显示深度尺度
+            depth_with_colorbar = add_colorbar_to_image(depth_colored, z_display_min, z_display_max, cv2.COLORMAP_JET)
+            cv2.imshow("Depth Map", depth_with_colorbar)
+        else:
+            # 如果没有找到FOE，显示提示信息
+            print("No FOE found, skipping depth estimation")
+            # 显示一个默认的深度图
+            Z_rel = np.full((sensor.img.shape[0], sensor.img.shape[1]), 30.0, dtype=np.float32)
+            depth_colored = cv2.applyColorMap((Z_rel * 8).astype(np.uint8), cv2.COLORMAP_HOT)
+            
+            # 添加颜色条
+            depth_with_colorbar = add_colorbar_to_image(depth_colored, 0.0, 30.0, cv2.COLORMAP_HOT)
+            cv2.imshow("Depth Map", depth_with_colorbar)
+
+        # 计算多个扩张焦点
+        # foe_result = orisys.util.compute_multiple_foe(vnormal, min_contour_area=3000,min_magnitude=1,expansion_threshold=0.001,downsample_factor=10)
+
+        # # 在图像上绘制多个焦点和区域
+        # image_with_foe = orisys.util.draw_multiple_foe(sensor.img.copy(), foe_result)
+        # cv2.imshow("Multiple FOE", image_with_foe)
+
+        # =====================================================================
+        # 4. 键盘控制
+        # =====================================================================
+        key = cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF
+        if key == ord("q"):
+            print("\n退出程序...")
+            break
+        if key == ord("r"):
+            # 重置光流追踪器（当追踪漂移时使用）
+            sensor.reset()
+            print("光流追踪器已重置")
+    
+    # =========================================================================
+    # 5. 清理资源
+    # =========================================================================
+    sensor.disconnect()  # 释放视频源和相关资源
+    cv2.destroyAllWindows()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()