added ruff code reivew

build/common/verify/cli.py

@@ -20,7 +20,10 @@ from common.verify import (  # noqa: E402
     verify_wheel_assets,
     verify_wheel_runtime,
 )
-from common.verify.wheel import DEFAULT_RUNTIME_CONFIG, default_verification_video  # noqa: E402
+from common.verify.wheel import (  # noqa: E402
+    DEFAULT_RUNTIME_CONFIG,
+    default_verification_video,
+)
 
 
 def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:

build/common/verify/wheel_contents.py

@@ -31,11 +31,16 @@ _BUILD_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
 if str(_BUILD_ROOT) not in sys.path:
     sys.path.insert(0, str(_BUILD_ROOT))
 
-from common.paths import REPO_ROOT  # noqa: E402
-from common.pyproject_utils import bundle_items, extras_require, install_requires, project_metadata  # noqa: E402
 from wheel.layout import resolve_bundle_source_files  # noqa: E402
 from wheel.package import is_compliant_manylinux_wheel  # noqa: E402
 
+from common.paths import REPO_ROOT  # noqa: E402
+from common.pyproject_utils import (  # noqa: E402
+    bundle_items,
+    extras_require,
+    install_requires,
+)
+
 # PyPI's default per-project file limit is 100 MB; keep headroom.
 MAX_WHEEL_BYTES = 90 * 1024 * 1024
 
@@ -339,11 +344,7 @@ def _check_forbidden_entries(result: WheelCheckResult, names: list[str]) -> None
     offenders = []
     for name in names:
         lowered = name.lower()
-        if lowered.startswith(_FORBIDDEN_PREFIXES):
-            offenders.append(name)
-        elif lowered.endswith(_FORBIDDEN_SUFFIXES):
-            offenders.append(name)
-        elif "__pycache__" in lowered or ".egg-info" in lowered:
+        if lowered.startswith(_FORBIDDEN_PREFIXES) or lowered.endswith(_FORBIDDEN_SUFFIXES) or "__pycache__" in lowered or ".egg-info" in lowered:
             offenders.append(name)
     result.add(
         "no-forbidden-entries",

build/gui/common/pyinstaller_driver.py

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ import os
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Callable
 
 _BUILD_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
 if str(_BUILD_ROOT) not in sys.path:

build/gui/ory_box/config.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ if str(_BUILD_ROOT) not in sys.path:
     sys.path.insert(0, str(_BUILD_ROOT))
 
 from common.paths import REPO_ROOT
+
 from gui.common.pyinstaller_driver import GuiBuildConfig
 
 ENTRY_SCRIPT = REPO_ROOT / "examples" / "basic_pipeline.py"

build/gui/ory_finger/build.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ if str(_BUILD_ROOT) not in sys.path:
     sys.path.insert(0, str(_BUILD_ROOT))
 
 from common.verify.gui import verify_gui_dist
+
 from gui.common.pyinstaller_driver import build_with_pyinstaller
 from gui.ory_finger.config import make_config
 

build/gui/ory_finger/config.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ if str(_BUILD_ROOT) not in sys.path:
     sys.path.insert(0, str(_BUILD_ROOT))
 
 from common.paths import REPO_ROOT
+
 from gui.common.pyinstaller_driver import GuiBuildConfig
 
 ENTRY_SCRIPT = REPO_ROOT / "examples" / "finger_pipeline_3dview.py"

build/gui/ory_mini/config.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ if str(_BUILD_ROOT) not in sys.path:
     sys.path.insert(0, str(_BUILD_ROOT))
 
 from common.paths import REPO_ROOT
+
 from gui.common.pyinstaller_driver import GuiBuildConfig
 
 ENTRY_SCRIPT = REPO_ROOT / "examples" / "mini_pipeline.py"

build/release/cli.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from common.verify.wheel import (  # noqa: E402
     verify_wheel_runtime,
 )
 from common.verify.wheel_contents import inspect_wheel  # noqa: E402
+
 from release import auth, github, pypi  # noqa: E402
 from release.preflight import PreflightOptions, run_preflight  # noqa: E402
 

build/release/github.py

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ if str(_BUILD_ROOT) not in sys.path:
     sys.path.insert(0, str(_BUILD_ROOT))
 
 from common.paths import REPO_ROOT  # noqa: E402
+
 from release.publish import GateResult, PublishGateError, load_gate  # noqa: E402
 
 MANIFEST_PATH = REPO_ROOT / "tools" / "downstream_sync_manifest.json"

build/release/preflight.py

@@ -45,9 +45,13 @@ from common.verify.wheel import (  # noqa: E402
     verify_wheel,
 )
 from common.verify.wheel_contents import inspect_wheel  # noqa: E402
+from wheel.layout import (  # noqa: E402
+    resolve_bundle_source_files,
+    verify_required_assets,
+)
+
 from release import report as report_mod  # noqa: E402
 from release import version as version_mod  # noqa: E402
-from wheel.layout import resolve_bundle_source_files, verify_required_assets  # noqa: E402
 
 
 @dataclass

build/release/pypi.py

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ probe, and ``--apply`` being required even to reach TestPyPI.
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import json
-import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
@@ -33,6 +32,7 @@ if str(_BUILD_ROOT) not in sys.path:
     sys.path.insert(0, str(_BUILD_ROOT))
 
 from common.paths import REPO_ROOT  # noqa: E402
+
 from release import auth  # noqa: E402
 from release.publish import GateResult, PublishGateError, load_gate  # noqa: E402
 
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ def publish(options: Options) -> int:
 
     print()
     if options.pypi_only:
-        print(f"=== release pypi PASSED (PyPI only, no TestPyPI rehearsal) ===")
+        print("=== release pypi PASSED (PyPI only, no TestPyPI rehearsal) ===")
     else:
         print("=== release pypi PASSED (TestPyPI + PyPI) ===")
     return 0

build/wheel/build.py

@@ -29,7 +29,13 @@ _BUILD_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
 if str(_BUILD_ROOT) not in sys.path:
     sys.path.insert(0, str(_BUILD_ROOT))
 
-from common.paths import NUITKA_COMPILE_DIR, NUITKA_WHEEL_DIR, REPO_ROOT, repaired_wheel_dir, repo_path
+from common.paths import (
+    NUITKA_COMPILE_DIR,
+    NUITKA_WHEEL_DIR,
+    REPO_ROOT,
+    repaired_wheel_dir,
+    repo_path,
+)
 from common.pyproject_utils import (
     bundle_items,
     extras_require,
@@ -38,6 +44,7 @@ from common.pyproject_utils import (
     project_metadata,
 )
 from common.verify.wheel import verify_built_wheel
+
 from wheel.compile import compile_orisys, copy_compiled_orisys, install_nuitka
 from wheel.layout import (
     copy_bundle_items,
@@ -199,9 +206,7 @@ def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
     )
     args = parser.parse_args(argv)
     verify: bool | None
-    if args.target == "pypi-linux":
-        verify = True
-    elif args.verify:
+    if args.target == "pypi-linux" or args.verify:
         verify = True
     elif args.skip_verify:
         verify = False

docs/code-review.md

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# Code review: the automated part
+
+Four gates existed before this document (the test suites, `apps/studio/tools/ui_check.py`, the
+real-GL smoke tests, the binding-purity test) and none of them is a linter. This adds the missing
+*static* layer, deliberately small.
+
+## Why it exists, in one measured fact
+
+Until now the three repos had **no Ruff configuration at all**. `ruff check .` therefore ran
+whatever the installed version enables by default — Ruff 0.16 enables a very broad set
+(`UP`/`RUF`/`PLR`/`S`/`TRY`/`PERF`/`FURB`/`YTT`/`ASYNC`…) — so the same tree produced **1038 /
+438 / 117** findings in `orisys-app` / `orisys-sdk` / `orisys-sensor-design`, and a different
+Ruff version produced different ones. A gate built on that is not a gate. `ruff.toml` now pins it.
+
+## What is gated, and what is deliberately not
+
+| rule | meaning | gated? | why |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `BLE001` | broad `except Exception` | **no** | A broad catch is the *right* choice around device I/O, GL teardown and camera probing. This codebase already records that choice inline as `# noqa: BLE001 - <reason>`. Gating it would produce ~100 findings whose only correct fix is "add a reasoned suppression". |
+| `S110`, `S112` | handler is only `pass` / `continue` | **yes** | The complaint is not the breadth of the catch, it is that the failure becomes **invisible**. Silence is acceptable only with a reasoned suppression or a handler that reports/re-raises. |
+| `E722` | bare `except:` | **yes** | Strictly worse than `except Exception:` — it also swallows `KeyboardInterrupt`/`SystemExit`. |
+| `F` | unused import, redefinition, undefined name, unused variable | **yes** | Real defects: `F821`/`F822` are latent `NameError`s, `F811` can be a shadowed definition. |
+| `B023` | closure over a loop variable | **yes** | Late binding silently produces wrong geometry in the headless Blender scripts. |
+| `PLW1510` | `subprocess.run` without `check` | **yes** | A swallowed tool failure. |
+| `RUF100` | unused suppression | reported, **never auto-fixed** | The `- reason` in a `noqa` comment is documentation. A machine must not delete it. Triage by hand. |
+| `UP`, `I`, `PIE`, `RET501`, `PLR1711`, `SIM114`, `RUF022`, `RUF023` | mechanical modernisation | in the lint config, **not** in the gate | Applied once by `--fix`; gating them would only churn AI-authored diffs. |
+
+`E402` (module import not at top of file) is **selected but not gated**. `import` after
+`os.environ[...]` is deliberate in this codebase — the environment must be set before Qt/cv2/the SDK
+load — so gating it would be pure noise. But it is the only rule that would catch an *accidental*
+import moved above that setup, so it stays visible. When you touch one of those files, record the
+intent as `# noqa: E402 - <reason>`; `E701`/`E702` are style, which `ruff format` owns. A gate that
+cries wolf gets ignored, which is worse than no gate.
+
+## The three commands
+
+```powershell
+# 1. The agent loop, after every edit — mechanical, no review needed.
+ruff check <changed files> --fix            # never --unsafe-fixes
+ruff check <changed files> --output-format json   # what remains, machine-readable
+
+# 2. The gate before a change lands. Changed files only, machine-readable, non-zero on findings.
+python tools/lint_gate.py                   # vs HEAD
+python tools/lint_gate.py --base origin/main
+python tools/lint_gate.py --all             # gate rules over the whole repo
+python tools/lint_gate.py --json
+
+# 3. Formatting, changed files only — never a whole-tree rewrite mid-diff.
+ruff format <changed files>
+```
+
+`$RUFF` may point at a specific ruff binary; otherwise `tools/lint_gate.py` uses `PATH` or the one
+beside the interpreter. **Pin the version**: the gate prints the version it ran, and findings differ
+between versions, so a runner must install the same one the developers use (currently 0.16.9).
+
+## What this found when it was introduced
+
+Filtering to rules that can indicate a defect produced ~18 candidates rather than style noise —
+which is the argument for the narrow set:
+
+- six latent `NameError`s (`np`, `sys`, `Callable`, `FrameIdentity`, `tessellate_polygon`, and an
+  `__all__` entry naming a function that does not exist) — none caught by any test;
+- a **duplicated** function definition that silently shadowed the first;
+- `lower == lower` / `upper == upper` in a range check, and the same pattern inside a **test
+  assertion that could never fail**;
+- 13 closures over loop variables in the headless Blender/patch scripts;
+- two `subprocess.run` calls whose failure was silently ignored.
+
+## Follow-up deliberately not done yet
+
+`PLR0124` ("name compared with itself") is not in `select`. Eleven of its sites are the deliberate
+`value != value` NaN idiom and must become `math.isnan(...)` (or carry a reasoned suppression)
+before the rule can be gated — otherwise it is noise. Once those are converted, add `PLR0124` to
+`select` and to `GATE_SELECT` in `tools/lint_gate.py`.

examples/basic_pipeline.py

@@ -9,12 +9,16 @@ ORY-BOX：单传感器基础流程
 
 """
 import os
+
 os.environ["OPENCV_VIDEOIO_MSMF_ENABLE_HW_TRANSFORMS"] = "0" 
-import cv2
-import orisys
-import numpy as np
 import argparse
 
+import cv2
+import numpy as np
+
+import orisys
+
+
 def main():
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument("--video","-v", type=str, default="0", help="视频源：摄像头编号或视频文件路径")

examples/finger_pipeline.py

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import sys
 os.environ.setdefault("OPENCV_VIDEOIO_MSMF_ENABLE_HW_TRANSFORMS", "0")
 
 import cv2
+
 import orisys
 from orisys.finger import FingerRuntime
 

examples/gui/__init__.py

@@ -9,9 +9,10 @@ Acquisition adapters (no widgets) live in ``gui.sensors``.
 Shared bootstrap: ``gui.app``, ``gui.app_paths``, ``gui.log_config``, ``gui.widgets``.
 """
 
+from viz.contact_arrow import ContactArrowStyle
+
 from .log_config import LOG_CONFIG, LogConfig
 from .viewer3d import (
-    FingerDashboardWindow,
     LAYOUT,
     LOG_PANEL,
     MESH_CONTACT_ARROW,
@@ -19,33 +20,33 @@ from .viewer3d import (
     PANEL_SETUP,
     TOP_ROW,
     DashboardLayout,
+    FingerDashboardWindow,
     MeshLighting,
     PanelRow,
     PanelSetup,
     PanelSlot,
     run_dashboard,
-    top_row_splitter_sizes,
     top_row_slot_index,
+    top_row_splitter_sizes,
 )
-from viz.contact_arrow import ContactArrowStyle
 
 __all__ = [
-    "DashboardLayout",
-    "FingerDashboardWindow",
     "LAYOUT",
     "LOG_CONFIG",
     "LOG_PANEL",
-    "LogConfig",
     "MESH_CONTACT_ARROW",
     "MESH_LIGHTING",
-    "ContactArrowStyle",
-    "MeshLighting",
     "PANEL_SETUP",
     "TOP_ROW",
+    "ContactArrowStyle",
+    "DashboardLayout",
+    "FingerDashboardWindow",
+    "LogConfig",
+    "MeshLighting",
     "PanelRow",
     "PanelSetup",
     "PanelSlot",
     "run_dashboard",
-    "top_row_splitter_sizes",
     "top_row_slot_index",
+    "top_row_splitter_sizes",
 ]

examples/gui/app_paths.py

@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ def default_config_path() -> str:
 def require_gui_extras() -> None:
     try:
         import open3d  # noqa: F401
-        from PyQt5 import QtWidgets  # noqa: F401
         import pyqtgraph  # noqa: F401
+        from PyQt5 import QtWidgets  # noqa: F401
     except ImportError as exc:
         raise SystemExit('GUI example requires: pip install "orisys[gui]"') from exc
 

examples/gui/sensors/__init__.py

@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 """Sensor acquisition adapters for Qt / multi-sensor viewers (no Qt widgets)."""
 
+from . import roi_geometry
 from .adapter import (
     Dd06RoiAdapter,
     FrameSnapshot,
     OrisysSensorAdapter,
     SensorAdapter,
+    _snapshot_from_sensor,
     calibrate_normal_force,
     create_sensor_adapter,
-    _snapshot_from_sensor,
 )
-from . import roi_geometry
 
 __all__ = [
     "Dd06RoiAdapter",
     "FrameSnapshot",
     "OrisysSensorAdapter",
     "SensorAdapter",
+    "_snapshot_from_sensor",
     "calibrate_normal_force",
     "create_sensor_adapter",
     "roi_geometry",
-    "_snapshot_from_sensor",
 ]

examples/gui/sensors/adapter.py

@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import time
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Optional
+from typing import Any
 
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
+
 import orisys
 
 from .roi_geometry import (
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ from .roi_geometry import (
     warp_roi_to_rectangle,
 )
 
-
 NORMAL_FORCE_CAL_SLOPE = 3.92685554668795e-05
 NORMAL_FORCE_CAL_OFFSET = 0.0217596967278535
 
@@ -30,10 +29,10 @@ NORMAL_FORCE_CAL_OFFSET = 0.0217596967278535
 class FrameSnapshot:
     """Normalized per-frame payload consumed by the Qt viewer."""
 
-    image: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
-    flow: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
-    depth: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
-    contour: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
+    image: np.ndarray | None = None
+    flow: np.ndarray | None = None
+    depth: np.ndarray | None = None
+    contour: np.ndarray | None = None
     centroid: Any = None
     # Raw SDK force channels used for curves (same units for FN/FX/FY).
     normal_force: float = 0.0
@@ -43,10 +42,10 @@ class FrameSnapshot:
     normal_force_calibrated: float = 0.0
     fps: float = 0.0
     timestamp: float = 0.0
-    raw_image: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
-    processed_image: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
-    flow_overlay: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
-    record_frame: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
+    raw_image: np.ndarray | None = None
+    processed_image: np.ndarray | None = None
+    flow_overlay: np.ndarray | None = None
+    record_frame: np.ndarray | None = None
 
 
 def calibrate_normal_force(raw_value: float) -> float:
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ class SensorAdapter(ABC):
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def read(self) -> Optional[FrameSnapshot]:
+    def read(self) -> FrameSnapshot | None:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     @abstractmethod
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ def _snapshot_from_sensor(
     *,
     raw_image=None,
     processed_image=None,
-) -> Optional[FrameSnapshot]:
+) -> FrameSnapshot | None:
     """Build a FrameSnapshot with HHD/forces refreshed every frame."""
     if sensor is None or sensor.img is None:
         return None
@@ -186,7 +185,7 @@ class OrisysSensorAdapter(SensorAdapter):
             verbose=self.verbose,
         )
 
-    def read(self) -> Optional[FrameSnapshot]:
+    def read(self) -> FrameSnapshot | None:
         if self.sensor is None:
             return None
         img = self.sensor.get_img()
@@ -255,7 +254,7 @@ class Dd06RoiAdapter(SensorAdapter):
                 f"video={self._source}"
             )
 
-    def read(self) -> Optional[FrameSnapshot]:
+    def read(self) -> FrameSnapshot | None:
         if self.sensor is None or self.cap is None:
             return None
 

examples/gui/viewer2d/backend.py

@@ -8,13 +8,14 @@ Does not import camera, ROI, or `orisys.Sensor`.
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Literal, Optional, Sequence, Tuple
+from typing import Literal
 
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
-import orisys
 from scipy.signal import butter, filtfilt
 
+import orisys
+
 FORCE_SAMPLE_RATE_HZ = 30.0
 PLOT_BUFFER_POINTS = 120
 PLOT_WINDOW_SEC = PLOT_BUFFER_POINTS / FORCE_SAMPLE_RATE_HZ
@@ -40,14 +41,14 @@ class ViewerFrame:
     image_height: int
     image_width: int
     aspect_ratio: float  # width / height
-    depth: Optional[np.ndarray]
+    depth: np.ndarray | None
     normal_force: float
     shear_x: float
     shear_y: float
     normal_force_calibrated: float
     fps: float
     timestamp: float
-    record_frame: Optional[np.ndarray]
+    record_frame: np.ndarray | None
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -57,8 +58,8 @@ class ForcePlotState:
     times: np.ndarray  # shape (n,)
     values: np.ndarray  # shape (n, 3)  FN, FX, FY
     sample_count: int
-    x_range: Tuple[float, float]
-    y_ranges: Tuple[Tuple[float, float], Tuple[float, float], Tuple[float, float]]
+    x_range: tuple[float, float]
+    y_ranges: tuple[tuple[float, float], tuple[float, float], tuple[float, float]]
 
 
 def lowpass_filter(
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ def lowpass_filter(
     return filtfilt(b, a, y)
 
 
-def ensure_bgr(img: Optional[np.ndarray]) -> Optional[np.ndarray]:
+def ensure_bgr(img: np.ndarray | None) -> np.ndarray | None:
     if img is None:
         return None
     if img.ndim == 2:
@@ -97,14 +98,14 @@ def ensure_bgr(img: Optional[np.ndarray]) -> Optional[np.ndarray]:
     return img
 
 
-def image_shape_meta(img: np.ndarray) -> Tuple[int, int, float]:
+def image_shape_meta(img: np.ndarray) -> tuple[int, int, float]:
     """Return (height, width, width/height) from a display image."""
     h, w = int(img.shape[0]), int(img.shape[1])
     aspect = float(w) / float(h) if h > 0 else 1.0
     return h, w, aspect
 
 
-def _base_bgr(snapshot) -> Optional[np.ndarray]:
+def _base_bgr(snapshot) -> np.ndarray | None:
     for attr in ("image", "processed_image", "raw_image"):
         out = ensure_bgr(getattr(snapshot, attr, None))
         if out is not None:
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ def build_display_image(
     return select_display_image(snapshot)
 
 
-def bgr_to_rgb_bytes(img_bgr: np.ndarray) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, int, int]:
+def bgr_to_rgb_bytes(img_bgr: np.ndarray) -> tuple[np.ndarray, int, int]:
     """Convert BGR uint8 image to contiguous RGB for QImage."""
     rgb = cv2.cvtColor(img_bgr, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
     if not rgb.flags["C_CONTIGUOUS"]:
@@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ class ForceHistory:
         self.data[-1, 0, :] = t
         self.data[-1, 1, :] = values
 
-    def _smooth_y_range(self, channel: int, ymin: float, ymax: float) -> Tuple[float, float]:
+    def _smooth_y_range(self, channel: int, ymin: float, ymax: float) -> tuple[float, float]:
         if self._y_range_smooth[channel] is None:
             smoothed = (ymin, ymax)
         else:
@@ -251,7 +252,7 @@ class ForceHistory:
         pad = max((smoothed[1] - smoothed[0]) * 0.12, 0.01)
         return smoothed[0] - pad, smoothed[1] + pad
 
-    def plot_state(self) -> Optional[ForcePlotState]:
+    def plot_state(self) -> ForcePlotState | None:
         n = self.sample_count
         if n == 0:
             return None
@@ -305,8 +306,8 @@ class QtViewerBackend:
             lowpass_cutoff_hz=lowpass_cutoff_hz,
             y_axis_min_span=y_axis_min_span,
         )
-        self._start_time: Optional[float] = None
-        self.last_viewer_frame: Optional[ViewerFrame] = None
+        self._start_time: float | None = None
+        self.last_viewer_frame: ViewerFrame | None = None
         self.arrow_background: ArrowBackground = arrow_background
 
     def set_arrow_background(self, background: ArrowBackground) -> None:
@@ -357,7 +358,7 @@ class QtViewerBackend:
         self._start_time = None
         self.last_viewer_frame = None
 
-    def ingest(self, snapshot, *, now: Optional[float] = None) -> ViewerFrame:
+    def ingest(self, snapshot, *, now: float | None = None) -> ViewerFrame:
         """Convert a FrameSnapshot into ViewerFrame and update force history."""
         display = build_display_image(snapshot, self.arrow_background)
         h, w, aspect = image_shape_meta(display)
@@ -396,5 +397,5 @@ class QtViewerBackend:
         self.last_viewer_frame = frame
         return frame
 
-    def plot_state(self) -> Optional[ForcePlotState]:
+    def plot_state(self) -> ForcePlotState | None:
         return self.force_history.plot_state()

examples/gui/viewer3d/__init__.py

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 from .dashboard import FingerDashboardWindow, run_dashboard
 from .layout import (
-    LOG_PANEL,
     LAYOUT,
+    LOG_PANEL,
     MESH_CONTACT_ARROW,
     MESH_LIGHTING,
     PANEL_SETUP,
@@ -13,24 +13,24 @@ from .layout import (
     PanelRow,
     PanelSetup,
     PanelSlot,
-    top_row_splitter_sizes,
     top_row_slot_index,
+    top_row_splitter_sizes,
 )
 
 __all__ = [
-    "DashboardLayout",
-    "FingerDashboardWindow",
     "LAYOUT",
     "LOG_PANEL",
     "MESH_CONTACT_ARROW",
     "MESH_LIGHTING",
-    "MeshLighting",
     "PANEL_SETUP",
     "TOP_ROW",
+    "DashboardLayout",
+    "FingerDashboardWindow",
+    "MeshLighting",
     "PanelRow",
     "PanelSetup",
     "PanelSlot",
     "run_dashboard",
-    "top_row_splitter_sizes",
     "top_row_slot_index",
+    "top_row_splitter_sizes",
 ]

examples/gui/viewer3d/camera_discovery.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import contextlib
+import logging
 import os
 import sys
 from dataclasses import dataclass
@@ -11,6 +12,8 @@ import cv2
 
 DEFAULT_MAX_CAMERA_INDEX = 10
 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
 class CameraInfo:
@@ -62,8 +65,14 @@ def _suppress_opencv_noise():
         if set_level is not None and prev_level is not None:
             try:
                 set_level(prev_level)
-            except Exception:
-                pass
+            except Exception as exc:
+                # Best-effort: a failure only leaves OpenCV probe noise suppressed,
+                # but report it so a stuck log level is diagnosable.
+                logger.warning(
+                    "camera discovery: could not restore OpenCV log level %r: %s",
+                    prev_level,
+                    exc,
+                )
 
 
 def _backend_candidates() -> list[tuple[str, int]]:
@@ -115,9 +124,21 @@ def list_cameras(max_index: int = DEFAULT_MAX_CAMERA_INDEX) -> list[CameraInfo]:
     backends = _backend_candidates()
 
     with _suppress_opencv_noise():
-        for index in range(0, max_index + 1):
+        for index in range(max_index + 1):
             for backend_name, backend_api in backends:
-                info = _try_open(index, backend_name, backend_api)
+                try:
+                    info = _try_open(index, backend_name, backend_api)
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    # Same hazard as the SDK enumerator: an escaping error for one
+                    # backend would abort the whole probe and hide every other
+                    # camera. Skip that candidate and keep going.
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "camera discovery: probing index %d via %s failed: %s",
+                        index,
+                        backend_name,
+                        exc,
+                    )
+                    continue
                 if info is None:
                     continue
                 if index in seen_indices:

examples/gui/viewer3d/dashboard.py

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ import math
 import sys
 import time
 
+from pipeline.config import PipelineConfig
+from pipeline.csv_recorder import CsvRecorder
+from pipeline.service import FingerPipeline
 from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QTimer
 from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
 from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (
@@ -17,23 +20,17 @@ from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (
     QWidget,
 )
 
-from pipeline.config import PipelineConfig
-from pipeline.csv_recorder import CsvRecorder
-from pipeline.service import FingerPipeline
-
 from gui.app_paths import resource_path
+from gui.widgets import TeeStream, WidgetLogHandler, make_log_widget
+
 from .camera_discovery import list_cameras, pick_default_camera
-from .preferences import get_preferred_video_source, load_preferences, save_preferences
 from .layout import (
-    DashboardLayout,
     LAYOUT,
-    PANEL_SETUP,
-    PanelSetup,
-    top_row_splitter_sizes,
+    DashboardLayout,
 )
 from .mesh_view_state import MeshViewState
+from .preferences import get_preferred_video_source, load_preferences, save_preferences
 from .styles import STYLE
-from gui.widgets import TeeStream, WidgetLogHandler, make_log_widget
 from .widgets import (
     ArrowPanelWidget,
     ForceChartWidget,

examples/gui/viewer3d/layout.py

@@ -47,11 +47,12 @@ import math
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Literal
 
-from gui.log_config import LOG_CONFIG, LogConfig
-from viz.contact_arrow import ContactArrowStyle, DEFAULT_CONTACT_ARROW_STYLE
+from viz.contact_arrow import ContactArrowStyle
 from viz.flow_arrow import FlowArrowStyle
 from viz.render_2d import ArrowBackground, ArrowCanvasColors
 
+from gui.log_config import LOG_CONFIG, LogConfig
+
 PanelId = Literal["mesh", "arrows", "charts", "log", "settings"]
 
 

examples/gui/viewer3d/mesh_view_state.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from PyQt5.QtCore import QObject, pyqtSignal
 
-from .layout import DashboardLayout, LAYOUT
+from .layout import LAYOUT, DashboardLayout
 
 
 class MeshViewState(QObject):

examples/gui/viewer3d/widgets/arrow_image.py

@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import cv2
-
 from pipeline.frame import FingerFrameView
 from viz.render_2d import ArrowBackground, ArrowCanvasColors, render_uv_arrows
 
-from ..layout import DashboardLayout, LAYOUT
-from .image_panel import ImagePanel
 from gui.widgets.qt_pixmap import ndarray_to_pixmap
 
+from ..layout import LAYOUT, DashboardLayout
+from .image_panel import ImagePanel
+
 
 class ArrowPanelWidget(ImagePanel):
     """UV unrolled flow-arrow panel."""

examples/gui/viewer3d/widgets/force_charts.py

@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import numpy as np
+from pipeline.frame import FingerFrameView
 from PyQt5.QtGui import QFont
 from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QSizePolicy
-
-from ..layout import DashboardLayout, LAYOUT
-from ..styles import LOG_FONT_PRIMARY, UI_FONT_PRIMARY
-from pipeline.frame import FingerFrameView
 from viz.signal_filters import lowpass_filter
 
+from ..layout import LAYOUT, DashboardLayout
+from ..styles import LOG_FONT_PRIMARY, UI_FONT_PRIMARY
+
 
 def _require_pyqtgraph():
     try:

examples/gui/viewer3d/widgets/mesh_viewport.py

@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from pipeline.frame import FingerFrameView
 from PyQt5.QtCore import QEvent, Qt
 from PyQt5.QtGui import QMouseEvent
-
-from pipeline.frame import FingerFrameView
 from viz.offscreen_mesh import OffscreenFingerMeshRenderer
 
-from ..layout import DashboardLayout, LAYOUT
-from ..mesh_view_state import MeshViewState
-from ..mesh_render_worker import MeshRenderWorker
 from gui.widgets.qt_pixmap import ndarray_to_pixmap
+
+from ..layout import LAYOUT, DashboardLayout
+from ..mesh_render_worker import MeshRenderWorker
+from ..mesh_view_state import MeshViewState
 from .image_panel import ImagePanel
 
 _VIEW_ROTATE_SENSITIVITY = 0.35

examples/gui/viewer3d/widgets/settings_panel.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from PyQt5.QtCore import QSize, Qt, pyqtSignal
+from PyQt5.QtCore import QSize, pyqtSignal
 from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (
     QCheckBox,
     QComboBox,
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (
     QVBoxLayout,
     QWidget,
 )
-
-from orisys.finger import DEFAULT_FINGER_EXPORT_DIR
 from viz.render_2d import ArrowBackground
 
-from ..layout import DashboardLayout, LAYOUT
+from orisys.finger import DEFAULT_FINGER_EXPORT_DIR
+
+from ..layout import LAYOUT, DashboardLayout
 from ..mesh_view_state import MeshViewState
 from ..transport_icons import reset_icon, transport_icon
 

examples/mini_pipeline.py

@@ -9,12 +9,16 @@ ORY-MINI：单传感器基础流程
 
 """
 import os
+
 os.environ["OPENCV_VIDEOIO_MSMF_ENABLE_HW_TRANSFORMS"] = "0" 
-import cv2
-import orisys
-import numpy as np
 import argparse
 
+import cv2
+import numpy as np
+
+import orisys
+
+
 def main():
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument("--video","-v", type=str, default="0", help="视频源：摄像头编号或视频文件路径")
@@ -29,11 +33,13 @@ def main():
     # 输入既可以是摄像头编号，也可以是视频文件路径
     try:
         input = int(args.video)
-        is_camera = True
-        sensor = orisys.Sensor(input, config_name=args.config, verbose=args.verbose)
-    except:
-        is_camera = False
+    except ValueError:
+        # Not a camera index: treat the argument as a video-file path. Falling back
+        # only on the conversion (not on Sensor construction) keeps a real
+        # constructor failure visible instead of retrying it as a file path.
         sensor = orisys.Sensor(args.video, config_name=args.config, verbose=args.verbose)
+    else:
+        sensor = orisys.Sensor(input, config_name=args.config, verbose=args.verbose)
 
     print("\n按键说明：'q' 退出程序，'r' 重置追踪器。")
 

examples/multi_stream.py

@@ -245,7 +245,10 @@ def main():
         try:
             with open(path) as fh:
                 rows.append(json.load(fh))
-        except Exception:
+        except Exception:  # noqa: S110 - a stream that wrote no result is reported below
+            # A stream that crashed or produced no JSON output is expected here;
+            # the empty-``rows`` check below reports that case explicitly, so this
+            # is not a hidden failure.
             pass
     if not rows:
         print("no stream produced results", file=sys.stderr)

examples/pipeline/config.py

@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 
-from orisys.finger import DEFAULT_FINGER_EXPORT_DIR
 from viz.mesh_camera import DEFAULT_FINGER_VIZ_POSE
 
+from orisys.finger import DEFAULT_FINGER_EXPORT_DIR
+
 
 def mesh_threshold(mesh_map: str, threshold: float | None) -> float:
     if threshold is not None:
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ class PipelineConfig:
     profile_every: int = 30
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_args(cls, args) -> "PipelineConfig":
+    def from_args(cls, args) -> PipelineConfig:
         return cls(
             video=args.video,
             config=args.config,

examples/pipeline/csv_recorder.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 from datetime import datetime
 from pathlib import Path
 
-
 CSV_COLUMNS = (
     "frame_index",
     "timestamp_s",

examples/pipeline/service.py

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ import time
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 
 import numpy as np
-from orisys.finger import FingerRuntime, compute_uv_surface_frames
-
 from viz import FrameRecorder, build_uv_surface_mesh, resolve_viz_pose_path
 
+from orisys.finger import FingerRuntime, compute_uv_surface_frames
+
 from .config import PipelineConfig
 from .csv_recorder import CsvMeasurement
 from .frame import FingerFrameView

examples/plot_data.py

@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ os.environ["OPENCV_VIDEOIO_MSMF_ENABLE_HW_TRANSFORMS"] = "0"
 
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
-import orisys
-
 from viz import ForceChartWindow, FrameRecorder
 
+import orisys
+
 
 def open_sensor(video: str, config: str, cal: str, verbose: bool):
     try:

examples/two_sensor_pipeline.py

@@ -20,14 +20,17 @@
 
 """
 import os
+
 os.environ["OPENCV_VIDEOIO_MSMF_ENABLE_HW_TRANSFORMS"] = "0" 
-import cv2
-import orisys
-import numpy as np
-import multiprocessing as mp
-from multiprocessing import Queue, Process
-import time
 import argparse
+import multiprocessing as mp
+import queue
+import time
+from multiprocessing import Process, Queue
+
+import cv2
+
+import orisys
 
 
 def sensor_worker(sensor_id, vid_src, config_name, result_queue, stop_event, target_fps=None):
@@ -55,6 +58,7 @@ def sensor_worker(sensor_id, vid_src, config_name, result_queue, stop_event, tar
         print(f"传感器 {sensor_id} 已启动" + (f"（目标帧率：{target_fps} FPS）" if target_fps else ""))
 
         frame_interval = 1.0 / target_fps if target_fps and target_fps > 0 else 0.0
+        dropped_frames = 0
 
         while not stop_event.is_set():
             t_start = time.perf_counter()
@@ -95,9 +99,10 @@ def sensor_worker(sensor_id, vid_src, config_name, result_queue, stop_event, tar
                 # 步骤 6：将结果发送到主进程（非阻塞）
                 try:
                     result_queue.put_nowait(data)
-                except Exception:
-                    # 如果队列已满，则丢弃当前帧，避免阻塞工作进程
-                    pass
+                except queue.Full:
+                    # 队列已满：丢弃当前帧，避免阻塞工作进程。这是有意的背压策略，
+                    # 但丢帧必须可观测，否则主进程看到的低帧率无从解释。
+                    dropped_frames += 1
 
             except Exception as e:
                 print(f"传感器 {sensor_id} 处理失败：{e}")
@@ -112,7 +117,13 @@ def sensor_worker(sensor_id, vid_src, config_name, result_queue, stop_event, tar
         
         # 释放资源
         sensor.disconnect()
-        print(f"传感器 {sensor_id} 已停止。")
+        if dropped_frames:
+            print(
+                f"传感器 {sensor_id} 已停止（因结果队列已满丢弃 {dropped_frames} 帧，"
+                "主进程处理慢于采集）。"
+            )
+        else:
+            print(f"传感器 {sensor_id} 已停止。")
         
     except Exception as e:
         print(f"传感器 {sensor_id} 初始化失败：{e}")
@@ -193,7 +204,8 @@ def main():
                 while True:
                     try:
                         data = queue.get_nowait()
-                    except:
+                    except queue.Empty:
+                        # 队列已排空：正常结束内层循环，不是错误。
                         break
                 
                 if data is not None:

examples/viz/__init__.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 """Shared visualization helpers for Orisys example scripts."""
 
+from .finger_mesh_viewer import FingerMeshViewer
+from .flow_arrow import DEFAULT_FLOW_ARROW_STYLE, FlowArrowOverlay, FlowArrowStyle
 from .force_charts import ForceChartWindow
 from .mesh_camera import (
     DEFAULT_FINGER_VIZ_POSE,
@@ -8,33 +10,32 @@ from .mesh_camera import (
     camera_look_at_from_world_to_cam,
     resolve_viz_pose_path,
 )
+from .mesh_viewer import UVMeshViewer, build_uv_surface_mesh
 from .offscreen_mesh import OffscreenFingerMeshRenderer
+from .recording import FrameRecorder
 from .render_2d import (
+    DEFAULT_ARROW_CANVAS_COLORS,
     ArrowBackground,
     ArrowCanvasColors,
-    DEFAULT_ARROW_CANVAS_COLORS,
     depth_colormap,
     frame_to_bgr,
     render_contact_panel,
     render_depth_panel,
     render_uv_arrows,
 )
-from .flow_arrow import DEFAULT_FLOW_ARROW_STYLE, FlowArrowOverlay, FlowArrowStyle
-from .finger_mesh_viewer import FingerMeshViewer
-from .mesh_viewer import UVMeshViewer, build_uv_surface_mesh
-from .recording import FrameRecorder
 from .signal_filters import lowpass_filter
 
 __all__ = [
-    "ArrowBackground",
-    "ArrowCanvasColors",
     "DEFAULT_ARROW_CANVAS_COLORS",
     "DEFAULT_FLOW_ARROW_STYLE",
+    "ArrowBackground",
+    "ArrowCanvasColors",
+    "FingerMeshViewer",
     "FlowArrowOverlay",
     "FlowArrowStyle",
-    "FingerMeshViewer",
     "ForceChartWindow",
     "FrameRecorder",
+    "OffscreenFingerMeshRenderer",
     "UVMeshViewer",
     "apply_mesh_lighting",
     "apply_view_from_world_to_cam",
@@ -43,7 +44,6 @@ __all__ = [
     "depth_colormap",
     "frame_to_bgr",
     "lowpass_filter",
-    "OffscreenFingerMeshRenderer",
     "render_contact_panel",
     "render_depth_panel",
     "render_uv_arrows",

examples/viz/finger_mesh_viewer.py

@@ -8,7 +8,11 @@ import numpy as np
 
 from orisys.finger.viewer import UVMeshViewer
 
-from .contact_arrow import ContactArrowOverlay, ContactArrowStyle, DEFAULT_CONTACT_ARROW_STYLE
+from .contact_arrow import (
+    DEFAULT_CONTACT_ARROW_STYLE,
+    ContactArrowOverlay,
+    ContactArrowStyle,
+)
 from .flow_arrow import DEFAULT_FLOW_ARROW_STYLE, FlowArrowOverlay, FlowArrowStyle
 
 

examples/viz/flow_arrow.py

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Callable, Literal
+from typing import Literal
 
 import cv2
 import numpy as np

examples/viz/mesh_viewer.py

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 """Re-exports for finger 3D mesh examples; core viewer lives in orisys.finger."""
 
 from orisys.finger.mesh import *  # noqa: F403
-from orisys.finger.viewer import UVMeshViewer, init_uv_mesh_viewer, update_uv_mesh_viewer  # noqa: F401
+from orisys.finger.viewer import (  # noqa: F401
+    UVMeshViewer,
+    init_uv_mesh_viewer,
+    update_uv_mesh_viewer,
+)

examples/viz/recording.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import os
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import cv2

examples/viz/render_2d.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Literal
 
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
+
 import orisys
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:

examples/viz/signal_filters.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import numpy as np
 from scipy.signal import butter, filtfilt
 
+
 def lowpass_filter(data, cutoff_hz=5, sample_rate_hz=30, order=2) -> np.ndarray:
     """Zero-phase Butterworth low-pass filter for uniformly sampled 1-D data."""
     y = np.asarray(data, dtype=np.float64)

ruff.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# Ruff configuration — pinned deliberately.
+#
+# Before this file existed the repo had no Ruff config, so `ruff check .` ran whatever the
+# installed Ruff version enables by default (Ruff 0.16 turns on a very broad set: UP/RUF/PLR/
+# S/TRY/PERF/FURB/YTT/ASYNC...). The same tree therefore produced different findings on
+# different machines and between a developer and a runner. Never rely on tool defaults.
+#
+# Policy, decided from the measured findings rather than from taste:
+#
+#   * `select` is explicit. High-signal correctness rules first, then only the mechanical
+#     modernisation rules we are willing to apply without human review.
+#   * BLE001 is selected so existing `# noqa: BLE001 - <reason>` suppressions stay *used* and
+#     RUF100 can never delete their rationale — a broad `except Exception` is a legitimate
+#     choice around device I/O, capture probes and teardown. It is NOT part of the gate.
+#   * S110 / S112 / E722 ARE part of the gate: a silent handler hides a failure. This matters
+#     most in the live capture path, where a swallowed read error kills a source silently.
+#   * RUF100 reports unused suppressions but is `unfixable`: a machine must not remove a
+#     suppression whose comment records why it exists. Triage those by hand.
+#   * The mechanical sweep never uses `--unsafe-fixes`.
+#
+# The gate selects the narrow set explicitly, so BLE001 cannot fail a build, and only ever
+# touches changed files:
+#
+#   tools/lint_gate.py                     # the gate: changed files, machine-readable
+
+target-version = "py310"
+line-length = 88
+
+[lint]
+select = [
+  "E9", "E722",        # syntax/IO errors, and bare `except:`
+  "E402",              # module import not at top of file — SELECTED for visibility, NOT gated.
+                       # `import` after `os.environ[...]` is deliberate in examples/ and scripts/
+                       # (the environment must be set before Qt/cv2/orisys load). E402 is the only
+                       # rule that would catch an accidental import moved above that setup, so it
+                       # stays reported, without failing a build. An intentional site belongs in a
+                       # `# noqa: E402 - <reason>` when it is touched.
+  "F",                 # pyflakes: unused import, redefinition, undefined name
+  "S110", "S112",      # try-except-pass / try-except-continue — an invisible failure
+  "B023",              # function definition does not bind loop variable
+  "PLW1510",           # subprocess.run without an explicit check
+  "RUF100",            # unused noqa — reported for triage, never auto-removed
+  "UP",                # pyupgrade
+  "I",                 # import sorting
+  "RUF022", "RUF023",  # __all__ / __slots__ ordering
+  "PIE",               # flake8-pie
+  "RET501", "PLR1711",
+  "SIM114",
+  "BLE001",            # selected for suppression hygiene only — excluded from the gate
+]
+unfixable = ["RUF100"]
+
+[format]
+quote-style = "double"
+indent-style = "space"

scripts/benchmark.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 
 import os
 import sys
+
 os.environ["OPENCV_VIDEOIO_MSMF_ENABLE_HW_TRANSFORMS"] = "0" 
 import cv2
 
@@ -9,10 +10,11 @@ _local_src = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "src")
 if _local_src not in sys.path:
     sys.path.insert(0, _local_src)
 
-import orisys
-import numpy as np
-import time
 import argparse
+import time
+
+import orisys
+
 
 def main():
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
@@ -30,11 +32,13 @@ def main():
     # 方式1: 从视频文件读取
     try:
         input = int(args.video)
-        is_camera = True
-        sensor = orisys.Sensor(input, config_name=args.config, cal_path= args.cal, verbose=args.verbose, debug=args.debug)
-    except:
-        is_camera = False
+    except ValueError:
+        # Not a camera index: treat the argument as a video-file path. Only the
+        # conversion is guarded, so a genuine Sensor construction error is not
+        # swallowed and retried as a file path.
         sensor = orisys.Sensor(args.video, config_name=args.config, cal_path= args.cal, verbose=args.verbose, debug=args.debug)
+    else:
+        sensor = orisys.Sensor(input, config_name=args.config, cal_path= args.cal, verbose=args.verbose, debug=args.debug)
     # sensor = orisys.Sensor(2, config_name="./config/ddjx01_q6a.json", cal_path= "./config/ddjx01.npy", isstitch=True, cuda=False, verbose=True, backend='cpu')
 
     # 方式2: 从摄像头读取（取消注释使用） 

scripts/calibration_script.py

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 import os
+
 os.environ["OPENCV_VIDEOIO_MSMF_ENABLE_HW_TRANSFORMS"] = "0"
-import cv2
-import orisys
-import numpy as np
 import time
 
+import cv2
+import numpy as np
 import pyqtgraph as pg
 
+import orisys
+
+
 def create_plot():
     p1 = win.addPlot(title="法相力")
     p1.setLabel('bottom', '时间', units='s')
@@ -149,7 +152,7 @@ def main():
             print("\n 停止程序")
             break
         if key == ord("s"):
-            save_path = f"./data/pulse_test.mp4"
+            save_path = "./data/pulse_test.mp4"
             # Ensure directory exists
             os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(save_path), exist_ok=True)
             # Get frame dimensions from the actual frame

scripts/example_uart.py

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ import os
 import shlex
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Optional, Union
+from typing import Union
 
 os.environ.setdefault("OPENCV_VIDEOIO_MSMF_ENABLE_HW_TRANSFORMS", "0")
 
@@ -60,13 +60,14 @@ except ImportError as exc:  # pragma: no cover
     ) from exc
 
 import cv2
+
 from orisys.capture import is_live_camera, list_cameras
 from orisys.finger import FingerRuntime
 
 Source = Union[int, str]
 
 
-def _parse_source(token: str) -> Optional[Source]:
+def _parse_source(token: str) -> Source | None:
     """Accept camera index int, numeric string, V4L path, or filesystem path."""
     text = str(token).strip().strip('"').strip("'")
     if not text:
@@ -116,9 +117,9 @@ class UartFingerController:
         self.show = show
         self.verbose = verbose
 
-        self.runtime: Optional[FingerRuntime] = None
-        self._connected_source: Optional[Source] = None
-        self._last_search_source: Optional[Source] = None
+        self.runtime: FingerRuntime | None = None
+        self._connected_source: Source | None = None
+        self._last_search_source: Source | None = None
         self._streaming = False
         self._should_quit = False
 
@@ -134,14 +135,18 @@ class UartFingerController:
         if self.runtime is not None:
             try:
                 self.runtime.close()
-            except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+            except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001, S110 - teardown must not raise
+                # Best-effort release: a close failure here has no recovery path in
+                # a shutdown request handler, and raising would skip the reset below.
                 pass
             self.runtime = None
             self._connected_source = None
         if self.show:
             try:
                 cv2.destroyAllWindows()
-            except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+            except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001, S110 - no GUI window to destroy
+                # Expected when no window was ever created (headless/--no-show run):
+                # this is a normal no-op, not a hidden failure.
                 pass
 
     def _resolve_connect_source(self, args: list[str]) -> Source:
@@ -220,7 +225,7 @@ class UartFingerController:
         except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
             return False
 
-    def _poll_command_line(self, *, blocking: bool = True) -> Optional[str]:
+    def _poll_command_line(self, *, blocking: bool = True) -> str | None:
         """Read one command line if available; return None on timeout/empty."""
         if not blocking and self.ser.in_waiting <= 0:
             return None
@@ -447,7 +452,9 @@ def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
         print("\nInterrupted.", flush=True)
         try:
             controller.reply("OK quit")
-        except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+        except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001, S110 - peer may already be gone
+            # We are already shutting down on Ctrl-C; failing to send the final
+            # acknowledgement (peer closed the port) must not mask the exit path.
             pass
     finally:
         controller.close_runtime()

scripts/measure_zero_drift.py

@@ -36,10 +36,9 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
 import csv
-import statistics
 import sys
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Sequence
 
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ def _window(
     valid = _column(rows, VALID_COLUMN)
     mask = np.ones(times.shape, dtype=bool)
     if times.size:
-        mask &= times == times  # drop NaN timestamps
+        mask &= ~np.isnan(times)  # drop NaN timestamps (unparsable TIME cells)
         if start is not None:
             mask &= times >= float(start)
         if stop is not None:

scripts/promote_video.py

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
 import os
+
 os.environ["OPENCV_VIDEOIO_MSMF_ENABLE_HW_TRANSFORMS"] = "0"
-import cv2
-import orisys
-import numpy as np
-import time
 import argparse
+import time
+
+import cv2
+import numpy as np
 import pyqtgraph as pg
-from PyQt5.QtGui import QImage, QFont
+from PyQt5.QtGui import QFont, QImage
 from pyqtgraph.Qt import QtGui
 
+import orisys
+
+
 def make_gradient_brush(color_hex, max_alpha=150):
     """
     创建一个从上到下渐变的笔刷 (兼容 PyQt5 和 PyQt6)

src/orisys/Stitcher.py

@@ -5,9 +5,7 @@ Historical import path ``from orisys.Stitcher import Stitcher`` remains supporte
 
 from .stitch import Stitcher
 from .stitch.backends.numpy_backend import blend_kernel_numpy as _blend_kernel_numpy
-from .stitch.config import BLEND_MODES as _BLEND_MODES
-from .stitch.config import DEFAULT_BLEND_MODE as _DEFAULT_BLEND_MODE
-from .stitch.config import numba_blend_available, resolve_blend_mode as _resolve_blend_mode
+from .stitch.config import numba_blend_available
 
 # Backward-compatible aliases used by older call sites / tests.
 _blend_kernel = _blend_kernel_numpy

src/orisys/__init__.py

@@ -8,16 +8,11 @@ including image stitching, optical flow tracking, and deformation decomposition.
 __version__ = "0.5.3"
 __author__ = "Orisys"
 
-from .sensor import Sensor
-from . import util
-from . import configs
-from . import calibration
-from . import finger
-from . import signal_processing
-from . import capture
-from .pipeline import FrameSnapshot, PipelineStats, StreamPipeline
+from . import calibration, capture, configs, finger, signal_processing, util
 from .export import StreamRecorder, mosaic_videos
 from .frame_processors import FFCFrameProcessor
+from .pipeline import FrameSnapshot, PipelineStats, StreamPipeline
+from .sensor import Sensor
 
 CompoundEyeSensor = Sensor
 CameraSensor = Sensor

src/orisys/backend_availability.py

@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ except ImportError:
 try:
     import pyopencl as cl
     import pyopencl.array as cla
-    from pyvkfft.fft import rfftn as cl_rfftn
     from pyvkfft.fft import irfftn as cl_irfftn
+    from pyvkfft.fft import rfftn as cl_rfftn
     _opencl_cl = cl
     _opencl_cla = cla
     _opencl_rfftn = cl_rfftn

src/orisys/calibration.py

@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import json
 import warnings
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping
 from copy import deepcopy
 from dataclasses import asdict, dataclass, field
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Iterable, Mapping
+from typing import Any
 
 CURRENT_SCHEMA = 2
 SUPPORTED_SCHEMAS = (1, 2)

src/orisys/capture/__init__.py

@@ -25,21 +25,21 @@ from .source import (
 )
 
 __all__ = [
-    "MAX_SIMULTANEOUS_CAPTURES",
-    "DEFAULT_MAX_CAMERA_INDEX",
     "DEFAULT_LAPTOP_WEBCAM_PATTERNS",
+    "DEFAULT_MAX_CAMERA_INDEX",
+    "MAX_SIMULTANEOUS_CAPTURES",
+    "CameraFilter",
+    "CameraInfo",
     "CaptureConfig",
     "CaptureHealth",
-    "CaptureStatus",
-    "ReconnectPolicy",
     "CaptureSource",
+    "CaptureStatus",
     "CaptureWorker",
-    "CameraInfo",
-    "CameraFilter",
-    "list_cameras",
-    "pick_default_camera",
-    "normalize_source",
+    "ReconnectPolicy",
     "is_live_camera",
-    "open_opencv_capture",
+    "list_cameras",
+    "normalize_source",
     "open_capture",
+    "open_opencv_capture",
+    "pick_default_camera",
 ]

src/orisys/capture/config.py

@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from enum import Enum
-from typing import Any, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Any, Union
 
 MAX_SIMULTANEOUS_CAPTURES = 10
 
@@ -44,11 +45,11 @@ class ReconnectPolicy:
     """
 
     enabled: bool = False
-    max_attempts: Optional[int] = None
+    max_attempts: int | None = None
     initial_backoff_s: float = 0.25
     max_backoff_s: float = 5.0
     fail_threshold: int = 5
-    stale_timeout_s: Optional[float] = 2.0
+    stale_timeout_s: float | None = 2.0
 
     def next_backoff(self, attempt: int) -> float:
         """Exponential backoff capped at ``max_backoff_s`` (attempt is 0-based)."""
@@ -62,19 +63,19 @@ class CaptureConfig:
 
     source: SourceType
     backend: str = "auto"
-    width: Optional[int] = None
-    height: Optional[int] = None
-    fps: Optional[float] = None
-    fourcc: Optional[str] = "MJPG"
+    width: int | None = None
+    height: int | None = None
+    fps: float | None = None
+    fourcc: str | None = "MJPG"
     background: bool = True
     reconnect: ReconnectPolicy = field(default_factory=ReconnectPolicy)
     verbose: bool = False
     # Optional discovery filters (used by list/open helpers, not open itself).
-    name_include: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None
-    name_exclude: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None
-    vid_pid_allowlist: Optional[Sequence[Tuple[int, int]]] = None
-    min_width: Optional[int] = None
-    min_height: Optional[int] = None
+    name_include: Sequence[str] | None = None
+    name_exclude: Sequence[str] | None = None
+    vid_pid_allowlist: Sequence[tuple[int, int]] | None = None
+    min_width: int | None = None
+    min_height: int | None = None
 
     def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         if not isinstance(self.reconnect, ReconnectPolicy):
@@ -86,10 +87,10 @@ class CaptureConfig:
         source: SourceType,
         camera: dict[str, Any],
         *,
-        reconnect: Optional[ReconnectPolicy] = None,
+        reconnect: ReconnectPolicy | None = None,
         verbose: bool = False,
         **kwargs: Any,
-    ) -> "CaptureConfig":
+    ) -> CaptureConfig:
         """Build config from a sensor JSON ``camera`` section."""
         # Accept deprecated queue/worker kwargs from older callers without error.
         kwargs.pop("mode", None)
@@ -117,9 +118,9 @@ class CaptureStatus:
     """Snapshot of capture health for diagnostics / multi-camera UIs."""
 
     health: CaptureHealth = CaptureHealth.CLOSED
-    source: Optional[SourceType] = None
-    last_error: Optional[str] = None
-    last_frame_time: Optional[float] = None
+    source: SourceType | None = None
+    last_error: str | None = None
+    last_frame_time: float | None = None
     last_seq: int = 0
     dropped_frames: int = 0
     reconnect_attempts: int = 0

src/orisys/capture/discovery.py

@@ -3,21 +3,24 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import contextlib
+import logging
 import os
 import re
 import sys
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-from typing import Iterable, Optional, Sequence, Tuple
 
 import cv2
 
 from .config import MAX_SIMULTANEOUS_CAPTURES
 from .source import _backend_candidates
 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 DEFAULT_MAX_CAMERA_INDEX = MAX_SIMULTANEOUS_CAPTURES
 
 # Common built-in laptop webcam name fragments (case-insensitive).
-DEFAULT_LAPTOP_WEBCAM_PATTERNS: Tuple[str, ...] = (
+DEFAULT_LAPTOP_WEBCAM_PATTERNS: tuple[str, ...] = (
     r"integrated",
     r"built[- ]?in",
     r"laptop",
@@ -49,8 +52,8 @@ class CameraInfo:
     height: int
     name: str = ""
     path: str = ""
-    vendor_id: Optional[int] = None
-    product_id: Optional[int] = None
+    vendor_id: int | None = None
+    product_id: int | None = None
     bus: str = ""
 
     @property
@@ -64,7 +67,7 @@ class CameraInfo:
         return f"{self.index} ({self.width}x{self.height}) [{self.backend_name}]"
 
     @property
-    def vid_pid(self) -> Optional[Tuple[int, int]]:
+    def vid_pid(self) -> tuple[int, int] | None:
         if self.vendor_id is None or self.product_id is None:
             return None
         return (int(self.vendor_id), int(self.product_id))
@@ -74,13 +77,13 @@ class CameraInfo:
 class CameraFilter:
     """Optional filters for ``list_cameras`` / ``pick_default_camera``."""
 
-    name_include: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None
-    name_exclude: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None
+    name_include: Sequence[str] | None = None
+    name_exclude: Sequence[str] | None = None
     exclude_laptop_webcams: bool = False
     laptop_patterns: Sequence[str] = field(default_factory=lambda: DEFAULT_LAPTOP_WEBCAM_PATTERNS)
-    vid_pid_allowlist: Optional[Sequence[Tuple[int, int]]] = None
-    min_width: Optional[int] = None
-    min_height: Optional[int] = None
+    vid_pid_allowlist: Sequence[tuple[int, int]] | None = None
+    min_width: int | None = None
+    min_height: int | None = None
     prefer_named: bool = True
 
     def matches(self, cam: CameraInfo) -> bool:
@@ -143,8 +146,15 @@ def _suppress_opencv_noise():
         if set_level is not None and prev_level is not None:
             try:
                 set_level(prev_level)
-            except Exception:
-                pass
+            except Exception as exc:
+                # Restoring OpenCV's log level is best-effort, but a silent failure
+                # here leaves probing noise suppressed for the rest of the process,
+                # which hides exactly the diagnostics a failed enumeration needs.
+                logger.warning(
+                    "capture discovery: could not restore OpenCV log level %r: %s",
+                    prev_level,
+                    exc,
+                )
 
 
 def _linux_device_metadata(index: int) -> dict:
@@ -152,7 +162,7 @@ def _linux_device_metadata(index: int) -> dict:
     meta = {"name": "", "path": f"/dev/video{index}", "vendor_id": None, "product_id": None, "bus": ""}
     name_path = f"/sys/class/video4linux/video{index}/name"
     try:
-        with open(name_path, "r", encoding="utf-8", errors="ignore") as fh:
+        with open(name_path, encoding="utf-8", errors="ignore") as fh:
             meta["name"] = fh.read().strip()
     except OSError:
         pass
@@ -165,9 +175,9 @@ def _linux_device_metadata(index: int) -> dict:
             vend = os.path.join(cur, "idVendor")
             prod = os.path.join(cur, "idProduct")
             if os.path.isfile(vend) and os.path.isfile(prod):
-                with open(vend, "r", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
+                with open(vend, encoding="utf-8") as fh:
                     meta["vendor_id"] = int(fh.read().strip(), 16)
-                with open(prod, "r", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
+                with open(prod, encoding="utf-8") as fh:
                     meta["product_id"] = int(fh.read().strip(), 16)
                 meta["bus"] = "usb"
                 break
@@ -229,7 +239,7 @@ def _windows_device_names() -> dict[int, dict]:
         return {}
 
 
-def _device_metadata(index: int, windows_names: Optional[dict[int, dict]] = None) -> dict:
+def _device_metadata(index: int, windows_names: dict[int, dict] | None = None) -> dict:
     if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
         return _linux_device_metadata(index)
     if sys.platform == "win32" and windows_names is not None:
@@ -238,7 +248,7 @@ def _device_metadata(index: int, windows_names: Optional[dict[int, dict]] = None
     return {"name": "", "path": "", "vendor_id": None, "product_id": None, "bus": ""}
 
 
-def _try_open(index: int, backend_name: str, backend_api: int, meta: dict) -> Optional[CameraInfo]:
+def _try_open(index: int, backend_name: str, backend_api: int, meta: dict) -> CameraInfo | None:
     cap = cv2.VideoCapture(index, backend_api)
     if not cap.isOpened():
         cap.release()
@@ -272,13 +282,13 @@ def _try_open(index: int, backend_name: str, backend_api: int, meta: dict) -> Op
 def list_cameras(
     max_index: int = DEFAULT_MAX_CAMERA_INDEX,
     *,
-    camera_filter: Optional[CameraFilter] = None,
+    camera_filter: CameraFilter | None = None,
     exclude_laptop_webcams: bool = False,
-    name_include: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None,
-    name_exclude: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None,
-    vid_pid_allowlist: Optional[Sequence[Tuple[int, int]]] = None,
-    min_width: Optional[int] = None,
-    min_height: Optional[int] = None,
+    name_include: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+    name_exclude: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+    vid_pid_allowlist: Sequence[tuple[int, int]] | None = None,
+    min_width: int | None = None,
+    min_height: int | None = None,
     backend: str = "auto",
 ) -> list[CameraInfo]:
     """Probe indices ``0 .. max_index`` and return working cameras.
@@ -302,10 +312,22 @@ def list_cameras(
     windows_names = _windows_device_names() if sys.platform == "win32" else None
 
     with _suppress_opencv_noise():
-        for index in range(0, max_index + 1):
+        for index in range(max_index + 1):
             meta = _device_metadata(index, windows_names)
             for backend_name, backend_api in backends:
-                info = _try_open(index, backend_name, backend_api, meta)
+                try:
+                    info = _try_open(index, backend_name, backend_api, meta)
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    # One bad backend/device must not abort the whole probe: an
+                    # escaping error here made every *other* camera invisible, not
+                    # just this index. Skip the candidate and keep enumerating.
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "capture discovery: probing index %d via %s failed: %s",
+                        index,
+                        backend_name,
+                        exc,
+                    )
+                    continue
                 if info is None:
                     continue
                 if index in seen_indices:

src/orisys/capture/source.py

@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import logging
 import os
 import sys
 import threading
 import time
-from typing import Any, Optional, Protocol, runtime_checkable
+from typing import Any, Protocol, runtime_checkable
 
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
@@ -19,6 +20,8 @@ from .config import (
     SourceType,
 )
 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 
 @runtime_checkable
 class VideoCaptureLike(Protocol):
@@ -83,7 +86,7 @@ def _backend_candidates(preferred: str = "auto") -> list[tuple[str, int]]:
     return candidates
 
 
-def _fourcc_code(fourcc: Optional[str]) -> Optional[int]:
+def _fourcc_code(fourcc: str | None) -> int | None:
     if not fourcc:
         return None
     text = str(fourcc).strip()
@@ -111,10 +114,10 @@ def _read_stream_meta(cap: VideoCaptureLike) -> tuple[int, int, float, str]:
 def _apply_stream_props(
     cap: VideoCaptureLike,
     *,
-    width: Optional[int],
-    height: Optional[int],
-    fps: Optional[float],
-    fourcc: Optional[str],
+    width: int | None,
+    height: int | None,
+    fps: float | None,
+    fourcc: str | None,
 ) -> None:
     """Apply live-camera stream properties (width/height before fourcc on DSHOW)."""
     code = _fourcc_code(fourcc)
@@ -143,10 +146,10 @@ def open_opencv_capture(
     source: SourceType,
     *,
     backend: str = "auto",
-    width: Optional[int] = None,
-    height: Optional[int] = None,
-    fps: Optional[float] = None,
-    fourcc: Optional[str] = "MJPG",
+    width: int | None = None,
+    height: int | None = None,
+    fps: float | None = None,
+    fourcc: str | None = "MJPG",
     apply_stream_props: bool = True,
 ) -> tuple[VideoCaptureLike, str]:
     """Open a ``cv2.VideoCapture`` trying preferred backends in order.
@@ -212,16 +215,16 @@ class CaptureSource:
     ):
         self.config = config
         self._factory = factory or self._default_factory
-        self._cap: Optional[VideoCaptureLike] = None
+        self._cap: VideoCaptureLike | None = None
         self._backend_name = ""
         self._status = CaptureStatus(source=normalize_source(config.source))
         self._reconnect_attempt = 0
         self._lock = threading.Lock()
         self._frame_lock = threading.Lock()
         self._frame_cond = threading.Condition(self._frame_lock)
-        self._latest_frame: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
+        self._latest_frame: np.ndarray | None = None
         self._latest_seq = 0
-        self._thread: Optional[threading.Thread] = None
+        self._thread: threading.Thread | None = None
         self._background_running = False
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -238,7 +241,7 @@ class CaptureSource:
 
     # Compatibility with older CaptureWorker API.
     @property
-    def source(self) -> "CaptureSource":
+    def source(self) -> CaptureSource:
         return self
 
     @property
@@ -265,7 +268,7 @@ class CaptureSource:
             )
 
     @property
-    def cap(self) -> Optional[VideoCaptureLike]:
+    def cap(self) -> VideoCaptureLike | None:
         """Raw capture handle (compat with Sensor.cap)."""
         return self._cap
 
@@ -324,8 +327,14 @@ class CaptureSource:
         if self._cap is not None:
             try:
                 self._cap.release()
-            except Exception:
-                pass
+            except Exception as exc:
+                # A failed release is not fatal, but it must not be invisible: the
+                # handle below is dropped either way, so a live-camera handle that
+                # OpenCV refused to free would otherwise leak silently until the
+                # process exits. Report it and keep tearing down.
+                logger.warning(
+                    "capture: %r.release() failed: %s", self._backend_name or "capture", exc
+                )
             self._cap = None
         with self._frame_cond:
             self._latest_frame = None
@@ -341,8 +350,11 @@ class CaptureSource:
             self._status.height = height
             self._status.fps = fps
             self._status.fourcc = fourcc
-        except Exception:
-            pass
+        except Exception as exc:
+            # Metadata is advisory: a backend that cannot answer these get() calls
+            # still delivers frames, so do not fail the open. Record why the
+            # reported stream geometry is left at its previous/default values.
+            logger.warning("capture: could not read stream metadata: %s", exc)
 
     def warmup_frames(self, count: int = 3) -> None:
         """Discard frames so the driver/format stabilizes (sync reads only)."""
@@ -351,7 +363,7 @@ class CaptureSource:
         for _ in range(max(0, int(count))):
             self.read_raw()
 
-    def read_raw(self) -> tuple[bool, Optional[np.ndarray]]:
+    def read_raw(self) -> tuple[bool, np.ndarray | None]:
         """Read one frame directly from the underlying capture (no reconnect)."""
         cap = self._cap
         if cap is None:
@@ -379,7 +391,7 @@ class CaptureSource:
         *,
         copy: bool = True,
         wait_s: float = 0.0,
-    ) -> tuple[bool, Optional[np.ndarray]]:
+    ) -> tuple[bool, np.ndarray | None]:
         """Return the newest frame from the background thread, or read sync."""
         if not self._background_running:
             ok, frame = self.read_raw()
@@ -397,7 +409,7 @@ class CaptureSource:
             frame = self._latest_frame.copy() if copy else self._latest_frame
             return True, frame
 
-    def read(self, *, copy: bool = True, wait_s: float = 1.0) -> tuple[bool, Optional[np.ndarray]]:
+    def read(self, *, copy: bool = True, wait_s: float = 1.0) -> tuple[bool, np.ndarray | None]:
         """Compat alias used by finger runtime and older worker callers."""
         wait = wait_s if wait_s > 0 else 1.0
         return self.read_latest(copy=copy, wait_s=wait)
@@ -531,8 +543,8 @@ def open_capture(
     config: CaptureConfig,
     *,
     factory=None,
-    start_background: Optional[bool] = None,
-    start_worker: Optional[bool] = None,
+    start_background: bool | None = None,
+    start_worker: bool | None = None,
 ) -> CaptureSource:
     """Open a capture source and optionally start its background thread.
 

src/orisys/configs.py

@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ def _config_files() -> list[Path]:
 
 
 def _load_json(path: Path) -> dict:
-    with open(path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+    with open(path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
         return json.load(f)
 
 
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ def load_config(config_name_or_path):
     for candidate in _config_files():
         try:
             data = _load_json(candidate)
-        except Exception:
+        except Exception:  # noqa: S112 - skip unreadable config during alias scan
             continue
         if data.get("name") in candidates:
             return data

src/orisys/export.py

@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import os
 import queue
 import threading
-import time
-from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Sequence
+from typing import Any
 
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ class StreamRecorder:
             "fourcc": self.fourcc,
         }
 
-    def __enter__(self) -> "StreamRecorder":
+    def __enter__(self) -> StreamRecorder:
         return self
 
     def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb) -> bool:

src/orisys/finger/__init__.py

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ from .mesh import (
     lift_uv_deformation_to_3d,
     lift_uv_flow_to_3d,
     mesh_uv_to_world_scale,
-    scalar_map_vertex_colors,
     sample_field_at_mesh_vertices,
+    scalar_map_vertex_colors,
 )
 from .runtime import (
     FingerGeometry,
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ __all__ = [
     "FingerGeometry",
     "FingerRuntime",
     "TactileProcessor",
-    "UVSurfaceMesh",
     "UVMeshViewer",
+    "UVSurfaceMesh",
     "build_uv_surface_mesh",
     "compute_uv_surface_frames",
     "deform_mesh_vertices",

src/orisys/finger/mesh.py

@@ -12,15 +12,15 @@ class UVSurfaceMesh:
     """Triangle mesh built from a UV flatten grid and world_xyz surface map."""
 
     __slots__ = (
-        "rest_vertices",
-        "triangles",
-        "vertex_ys",
-        "vertex_xs",
-        "index_map",
-        "valid_mask",
-        "shape",
-        "world_xyz",
         "base_colors",
+        "index_map",
+        "rest_vertices",
+        "shape",
+        "triangles",
+        "valid_mask",
+        "vertex_xs",
+        "vertex_ys",
+        "world_xyz",
     )
 
     def __init__(

src/orisys/finger/runtime.py

@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ class FingerRuntime:
         mirror=False,
         auto_reconnect: bool = False,
         capture_mode: str = "latest",
-    ) -> "FingerRuntime":
+    ) -> FingerRuntime:
         """Open a live finger runtime from export bundle, config, and video source."""
         del capture_mode  # deprecated; latest-frame capture only
         if camera_id is not None:

src/orisys/frame_processors.py

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import time
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
-from pathlib import Path
 
 from .unroll import UVRemap
 

src/orisys/get_depth.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-import numpy as np
 import cv2
+import numpy as np
 
 from .backend_availability import CUPY_AVAILABLE, get_cupy
+
 cp = get_cupy()
 # 缓存形态学操作的核，避免重复创建
 _morphology_kernels = {}

src/orisys/hhd/__init__.py

@@ -20,4 +20,4 @@ from .grid import StructuredGrid
 from .poisson import PoissonSolver
 from .timing import Timer
 
-__all__ = ["nHHD", "StructuredGrid", "PoissonSolver", "Timer"]
+__all__ = ["PoissonSolver", "StructuredGrid", "Timer", "nHHD"]

src/orisys/hhd/api.py

@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ import numpy
 
 from ..backend_availability import (
     CUPY_AVAILABLE,
-    OPENCL_AVAILABLE,
     KERNEL_AVAILABLE,
-    cp,
+    OPENCL_AVAILABLE,
     _torque_kernel,
+    cp,
 )
 from .grid import StructuredGrid
 from .poisson import PoissonSolver
 
 
-class nHHD(object):
+class nHHD:
 
     # constructor
     def __init__(self, cuda=True, **kwargs):
@@ -25,9 +25,7 @@ class nHHD(object):
             backend = 'cupy' if CUPY_AVAILABLE else ('opencl' if OPENCL_AVAILABLE else 'cpu')
 
         # Validate backend availability and fallback to 'cpu' if needed
-        if backend == 'cupy' and not CUPY_AVAILABLE:
-            backend = 'cpu'
-        elif backend == 'opencl' and not OPENCL_AVAILABLE:
+        if backend == 'cupy' and not CUPY_AVAILABLE or backend == 'opencl' and not OPENCL_AVAILABLE:
             backend = 'cpu'
 
         self.debug = kwargs.get('debug', False)

src/orisys/hhd/domain.py

@@ -56,7 +56,9 @@ def build_masked_factor(lap):
                 options=dict(SymmetricMode=True),
             )
             return lu.solve, numpy.float32
-        except Exception:
+        except Exception:  # noqa: S112 - try the next pivoting strategy
+            # Probe: try the next pivoting strategy; the float64 fallback below is
+            # returned if every candidate fails, so this failure is not lost.
             continue
     # Last resort: the original pivoting LU on the float64 matrix.
     return sparse_linalg.factorized(lap_csc), numpy.float64
@@ -82,20 +84,20 @@ class MaskedDomain:
     """Reduced Laplacian system on active mask pixels (2D only)."""
 
     __slots__ = (
-        "shape",
-        "mask",
-        "index_map",
-        "factor",
-        "factor_dtype",
-        "lap",
-        "num_active",
-        "pinned",
-        "active_coords",
-        "active_linear_indices",
         "_rhs_buffer",
         "_rhs_pair_buffer",
         "_scatter_buffer",
         "_scatter_pair_buffer",
+        "active_coords",
+        "active_linear_indices",
+        "factor",
+        "factor_dtype",
+        "index_map",
+        "lap",
+        "mask",
+        "num_active",
+        "pinned",
+        "shape",
     )
 
     def __init__(

src/orisys/hhd/grid.py

@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
-import numpy
-import timeit
 import sys
-# import cv2
-from scipy import signal, spatial
 
+import numpy
+
+# import cv2
 from ..backend_availability import (
-    CUPY_AVAILABLE, OPENCL_AVAILABLE, KERNEL_AVAILABLE,
-    cp, cp_signal, _torque_kernel,
-    cl, cla, cl_rfftn, cl_irfftn
+    CUPY_AVAILABLE,
+    cp,
 )
 from .timing import Timer
 
-class StructuredGrid(object):
+
+class StructuredGrid:
 
     # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # --------------------------------------------------------------------------

src/orisys/hhd/poisson.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ from .timing import Timer
 '''
 
 
-class PoissonSolver(object):
+class PoissonSolver:
 
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
         args = kwargs.keys()

src/orisys/hhd/solvers/__init__.py

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ from .capacitance import CapacitanceFFTSolver
 from .masked_sparse import MaskedSparseSolver
 from .rectangular import RectangularFFTSolver
 
-__all__ = ["RectangularFFTSolver", "MaskedSparseSolver", "CapacitanceFFTSolver"]
+__all__ = ["CapacitanceFFTSolver", "MaskedSparseSolver", "RectangularFFTSolver"]

src/orisys/hhd/solvers/rectangular.py

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
-import numpy
 import timeit
+
+import numpy
 from scipy import signal
 
 from ...backend_availability import (
     CUPY_AVAILABLE,
     OPENCL_AVAILABLE,
+    cl,
+    cl_irfftn,
+    cl_rfftn,
+    cla,
     cp,
     cp_signal,
-    cl,
-    cla,
-    cl_rfftn,
-    cl_irfftn,
 )
 from ..timing import Timer
 

src/orisys/hhd/timing.py

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-import numpy
 import timeit
 
-class Timer(object):
+import numpy
+
+
+class Timer:
 
     def display(self):
 

src/orisys/pipeline.py

@@ -66,9 +66,10 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import threading
 import time
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Sequence
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from queue import Empty, Full, Queue
-from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Sequence
+from typing import Any
 
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ class StreamPipeline:
         contact: bool = False,
         depth: int = 2,
         include: Sequence[str] | Iterable[str] = ("image",),
-        on_frame: Callable[["FrameSnapshot"], None] | None = None,
+        on_frame: Callable[[FrameSnapshot], None] | None = None,
         verbose: bool = False,
         fps_window: int = 30,
     ) -> None:
@@ -189,7 +190,7 @@ class StreamPipeline:
 
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------ ctors
     @classmethod
-    def for_finger_runtime(cls, runtime: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> "StreamPipeline":
+    def for_finger_runtime(cls, runtime: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> StreamPipeline:
         """Build a pipeline for a ``FingerRuntime`` (capture + UV unroll stage)."""
 
         def produce() -> np.ndarray | None:
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ class StreamPipeline:
         return cls(runtime.tactile.raw_sensor, produce, **kwargs)
 
     # --------------------------------------------------------------- lifecycle
-    def start(self) -> "StreamPipeline":
+    def start(self) -> StreamPipeline:
         if self._running:
             return self
         self._running = True
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ class StreamPipeline:
             err, self._error = self._error, None
             raise err
 
-    def __enter__(self) -> "StreamPipeline":
+    def __enter__(self) -> StreamPipeline:
         return self.start()
 
     def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb) -> bool:

src/orisys/sensor.py

@@ -7,23 +7,19 @@ and Helmholtz-Hodge decomposition.
 """
 
 # import os  # only used by commented-out stitch_cal
-import numpy as np
-import cv2
 import time
 from enum import Enum, auto
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Optional, Tuple
-# from threading import Thread, Event
-# from queue import Queue, Empty
 
-from .Stitcher import Stitcher
-from .tracker import Tracker
-from .hhd import nHHD
+import cv2
+import numpy as np
+
 from . import calibration as cal_mod
 from . import configs
-from .get_depth import Contact3D
-from .backend_availability import (check_cupy_available, check_opencl_available)
+from .backend_availability import check_cupy_available, check_opencl_available
 from .frame_processors import create_frame_processor
+from .get_depth import Contact3D
+from .hhd import nHHD
 from .signal_processing import (
     DEFAULT_SAMPLE_RATE_HZ,
     CausalMedianFilter,
@@ -31,6 +27,11 @@ from .signal_processing import (
     SampleRateEstimator,
 )
 
+# from threading import Thread, Event
+# from queue import Queue, Empty
+from .Stitcher import Stitcher
+from .tracker import Tracker
+
 # Default signal-conditioning settings (config: top-level "filters" block).
 #
 # A key a config does not state is **off**, not "whatever we thought was
@@ -101,6 +102,7 @@ from .capture import (
     open_capture,
 )
 
+
 class Sensor:
     """
     Optical tactile sensor interface with deformation analysis.
@@ -137,7 +139,7 @@ class Sensor:
     
     def __init__(self, vid_src, cuda=True, isstitch=True, verbose=True, debug=False,
                  config_name="prototype", cal_path=None, override=False, box=None, mirror=True,
-                 backend='auto', capture_config: Optional[CaptureConfig] = None,
+                 backend='auto', capture_config: CaptureConfig | None = None,
                  auto_reconnect: bool = False, capture_mode: str = "latest",
                  capture_queue_size: int = 1, capture_overflow: str = "drop_oldest",
                  **_deprecated_capture_kwargs):
@@ -215,11 +217,11 @@ class Sensor:
         self.n_boxes = None
         self.fnormal = self.fshearx = self.fsheary = self.ftor = 0.0
         self._force_raw = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
-        self.calibration: Optional[cal_mod.Calibration] = None
-        self._force_cal_sensor_name: Optional[str] = None
+        self.calibration: cal_mod.Calibration | None = None
+        self._force_cal_sensor_name: str | None = None
         #: Why no calibration was applied, when a bundle existed but carried no
         #: usable coefficients. ``None`` means the question never came up.
-        self._force_cal_attempts: Optional[list[dict]] = None
+        self._force_cal_attempts: list[dict] | None = None
         self._init_force_calibration()
 
         # ---------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -413,7 +415,7 @@ class Sensor:
         # self._av_stream = None
         # self._av_decoder = None
         self.cap = None  # compat alias for _capture_worker.source.cap
-        self._capture_source: Optional[CaptureSource] = None
+        self._capture_source: CaptureSource | None = None
         self._is_live_camera = (
             is_live_camera(self.vid_src) and not self._external_only
         )
@@ -1013,7 +1015,7 @@ class Sensor:
         return result
     
 
-    def read_info(self, *args) -> Tuple:
+    def read_info(self, *args) -> tuple:
         """
         Get sensor data by info type.
         
@@ -1323,7 +1325,7 @@ class Sensor:
                 return
             try:
                 attempts.append(configs.describe_bundle_resolution(name))
-            except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001 - diagnostics must never break loading
+            except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001, S112 - diagnostics must never break loading
                 continue
         # Deliberately NOT setting ``_force_cal_sensor_name``: callers read a
         # non-None value there as "this sensor is calibrated", and a bundle
@@ -1700,6 +1702,6 @@ class Sensor:
         for k, v in timings.items():
             if k != 'total':
                 print(f"  {k}: {v:7.2f} ms")
-        print(f"  ─────────────────────────")
+        print("  ─────────────────────────")
         print(f"  TOTAL: {timings['total']:7.2f} ms ({1000/timings['total']:.1f} FPS)")
 

src/orisys/stitch/__init__.py

@@ -15,19 +15,19 @@ from .ops import (
 )
 
 __all__ = [
-    "Stitcher",
-    "StitchStatus",
     "BLEND_MODES",
-    "resolve_blend_mode",
-    "validate_box_grid",
-    "get_blend_backend",
+    "StitchStatus",
+    "Stitcher",
     "available_blend_backends",
-    "tile_weight_map",
-    "paste_tile_clipped",
-    "copy_into_tile_buffer",
     "build_blend_coef",
     "compute_final_crop_rect",
+    "copy_into_tile_buffer",
+    "coverage_ratio",
+    "get_blend_backend",
     "largest_fully_covered_rect",
     "match_bgr_brightness",
-    "coverage_ratio",
+    "paste_tile_clipped",
+    "resolve_blend_mode",
+    "tile_weight_map",
+    "validate_box_grid",
 ]

src/orisys/stitch/api.py

@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import time
-from typing import Optional
 
 import numpy as np
 
+from . import boxes as boxes_mod
+from . import feature as feature_mod
+from . import tiles as tiles_mod
 from .backends import get_blend_backend
 from .config import (
     BLEND_MODES,
@@ -14,10 +16,7 @@ from .config import (
     numba_blend_available,
     resolve_blend_mode,
 )
-from . import boxes as boxes_mod
-from . import feature as feature_mod
 from .ops import build_blend_coef
-from . import tiles as tiles_mod
 
 
 class Stitcher:

src/orisys/stitch/backends/__init__.py

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Callable, Optional
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Optional
 
+from ..config import numba_blend_available
 from .base import BlendBackend
 from .numba_backend import NumbaBlendBackend
 from .numpy_backend import NumpyBlendBackend
-from ..config import numba_blend_available
 
 _BACKENDS = {
     "numpy": NumpyBlendBackend,
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ _BACKENDS = {
 def get_blend_backend(
     name: str,
     *,
-    on_numba_failure: Optional[Callable[[BaseException], None]] = None,
+    on_numba_failure: Callable[[BaseException], None] | None = None,
 ) -> BlendBackend:
     """Return a blend backend instance by name.
 

src/orisys/stitch/backends/numba_backend.py

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ import numpy as np
 from .numpy_backend import NumpyBlendBackend, blend_kernel_numpy
 
 try:
-    from orisys_blend.kernel import _NUMBA_AVAILABLE, blend_kernel as _blend_kernel_numba
+    from orisys_blend.kernel import _NUMBA_AVAILABLE
+    from orisys_blend.kernel import blend_kernel as _blend_kernel_numba
 except Exception:
     _NUMBA_AVAILABLE = False
     _blend_kernel_numba = None

src/orisys/stitch/boxes.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
-from typing import List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ def correct_edge_bloom(img, method: str = "divide", kernel_size=None, clip: bool
 
 
 def filter_boxes_by_size(
-    boxes: Sequence[Tuple[int, int, int, int]],
+    boxes: Sequence[tuple[int, int, int, int]],
     img_shape,
     *,
     min_area_frac: float,
     max_area_frac: float,
     max_aspect_ratio: float,
-) -> List[Tuple[int, int, int, int]]:
+) -> list[tuple[int, int, int, int]]:
     h, w = img_shape
     img_area = h * w
     min_area = img_area * float(min_area_frac)
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def detect_nonblack_regions(
     show: bool = False,
     row_tol: float = 0.4,
     save_preview_path: str = "./config/compound_eye.png",
-) -> Tuple[int, List[Tuple[int, int, int, int]]]:
+) -> tuple[int, list[tuple[int, int, int, int]]]:
     """Detect tile boxes; returns ``(n_boxes, boxes as x0,y0,x1,y1)``."""
     if img is None:
         raise ValueError("Input image is None.")
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ def detect_nonblack_regions(
     h, w = img.shape[:2]
     n_boxes = 0
     bk_thresh = 0
-    boxes: List[Tuple[int, int, int, int]] = []
+    boxes: list[tuple[int, int, int, int]] = []
 
     hsv = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
     v = hsv[:, :, 2]
@@ -114,9 +114,7 @@ def detect_nonblack_regions(
         bk_thresh += bk_thresh_step
 
     print(
-        "Detected {} candidate boxes with bk_thresh={}".format(
-            n_boxes, bk_thresh - bk_thresh_step
-        )
+        f"Detected {n_boxes} candidate boxes with bk_thresh={bk_thresh - bk_thresh_step}"
     )
     if n_boxes == 0:
         return 0, []
@@ -194,7 +192,7 @@ def find_stitch_boxes(
     nrow: int,
     ncol: int,
     show: bool = False,
-    n_boxes_target: Optional[int] = None,
+    n_boxes_target: int | None = None,
 ):
     """Run bloom correction + detection; return ``(n_boxes, boxes, grid_ok)``.
 

src/orisys/stitch/config.py

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
+from collections.abc import Mapping
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Any, Mapping, Optional
+from typing import Any
 
 # JSON ``stitcher.blend`` / ``blend_list``: none = fast paste; numpy/numba = feathered.
 BLEND_MODES = frozenset({"none", "numpy", "numba"})
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ def numba_blend_available() -> bool:
     return bool(_NUMBA_AVAILABLE and blend_kernel is not None)
 
 
-def resolve_blend_mode(config_stitcher: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]] = None):
+def resolve_blend_mode(config_stitcher: Mapping[str, Any] | None = None):
     """Resolve stitcher blend mode from env, then JSON ``blend``.
 
     Returns ``(mode, fell_back_from_numba)`` where mode is one of

src/orisys/stitch/feature.py

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Any
 
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
@@ -530,14 +531,14 @@ def stitch_feature_optimized(
     nrow: int,
     ncol: int,
     tile_list: Sequence,
-    cache: Dict[str, Any],
+    cache: dict[str, Any],
     blend_backend: BlendBackend,
     blend: bool = True,
     match_brightness: bool = False,
     pad: int = 5,
     print_every: int = 30,
     verbose: bool = False,
-    frame_idx_holder: Optional[Dict[str, int]] = None,
+    frame_idx_holder: dict[str, int] | None = None,
 ):
     """Estimate transforms once and composite the current tile grid."""
     plan = get_feature_stitch_plan(isstitch, index, nrow, ncol, tile_list)

src/orisys/stitch/ops.py

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ instance state so future Torch/CuPy backends can reuse the same call shapes.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Optional, Tuple
-
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -74,7 +72,7 @@ def match_bgr_brightness(tile_bgr, ref_mean_gray: float):
     return cv2.LUT(tile_bgr, lut)
 
 
-def largest_fully_covered_rect(cov) -> Optional[Tuple[int, int, int, int]]:
+def largest_fully_covered_rect(cov) -> tuple[int, int, int, int] | None:
     if cov.size == 0:
         return None
 
@@ -104,7 +102,7 @@ def largest_fully_covered_rect(cov) -> Optional[Tuple[int, int, int, int]]:
     return best_rect
 
 
-def compute_final_crop_rect(cov) -> Optional[Tuple[int, int, int, int]]:
+def compute_final_crop_rect(cov) -> tuple[int, int, int, int] | None:
     valid = cov > 0
     if not np.any(valid):
         return None
@@ -126,7 +124,7 @@ def coverage_ratio(cov) -> float:
     return float(np.mean(cov > 0))
 
 
-def translation_from_H_to_ref(H) -> Tuple[float, float]:
+def translation_from_H_to_ref(H) -> tuple[float, float]:
     if H is None:
         return 0.0, 0.0
     H = np.asarray(H, dtype=np.float64)

src/orisys/stitch/tiles.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence
 
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ from .ops import copy_into_tile_buffer
 
 def extract_units_from_boxes(
     img,
-    boxes: Sequence[Tuple[int, int, int, int]],
+    boxes: Sequence[tuple[int, int, int, int]],
     *,
     selected_index: Iterable[int],
-    units: Optional[list] = None,
+    units: list | None = None,
     flip_x: bool = True,
     flip_y: bool = True,
 ) -> list:
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def extract_units_from_boxes(
     return flipped_units
 
 
-def get_tile_by_index(units: Sequence, idx) -> List:
+def get_tile_by_index(units: Sequence, idx) -> list:
     if isinstance(idx, int):
         idx = [idx]
     if len(idx) > len(units):
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def get_tile_by_index(units: Sequence, idx) -> List:
     return tile_list
 
 
-def get_tile_index_by_position(units: Sequence, x, y, tol: int = 20) -> Optional[int]:
+def get_tile_index_by_position(units: Sequence, x, y, tol: int = 20) -> int | None:
     i = 0
     for xi, yi, _tile in units:
         if abs(int(x) - int(xi)) <= tol and abs(int(y) - int(yi)) <= tol:
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ def get_tile_index_by_position(units: Sequence, x, y, tol: int = 20) -> Optional
     return None
 
 
-def get_unit_pos(units: Sequence, idx) -> List[Tuple[int, int]]:
+def get_unit_pos(units: Sequence, idx) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
     if isinstance(idx, int):
         idx = [idx]
     if len(idx) > len(units):
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ def get_unit_pos(units: Sequence, idx) -> List[Tuple[int, int]]:
     return [(units[i][0], units[i][1]) for i in idx]
 
 
-def normalize_index(index) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+def normalize_index(index) -> tuple[int, ...]:
     if isinstance(index, int):
         return (index,)
     if isinstance(index, np.ndarray):

src/orisys/tracker.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+import time
+
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
-import time
 
 
 class Tracker:
@@ -255,7 +256,6 @@ class Tracker:
         """
         Setup a simpler version using available models with performance optimizations
         """
-        import torchvision.transforms as T
         from torchvision.models.optical_flow import raft_large
         # Load model and move to GPU
         model = raft_large(pretrained=True, progress=False).to(self.__raft_device)

src/orisys/unroll/__init__.py

@@ -6,7 +6,17 @@ Runtime: live camera frame -> FrameUnwarper -> Sensor (with valid_mask)
 """
 
 from .domain import UVDomain
-from .mesh_uv import align_frame_to_uv_map, barycentric_grid, face_uvs_from_loop_data, uv_triangle_to_image
+from .geometry import (
+    resolve_uv_runtime_sizes,
+    scale_camera_geometry,
+    scaled_map_cache_path,
+)
+from .mesh_uv import (
+    align_frame_to_uv_map,
+    barycentric_grid,
+    face_uvs_from_loop_data,
+    uv_triangle_to_image,
+)
 from .precompute import (
     build_or_load_domain,
     build_uv_domain,
@@ -15,7 +25,6 @@ from .precompute import (
     load_exported_data,
     recommend_edge_expand,
 )
-from .geometry import resolve_uv_runtime_sizes, scale_camera_geometry, scaled_map_cache_path
 from .remap import UVRemap, flatten_frame, remap_valid_ratio
 from .surface import UVSurfaceMap
 

src/orisys/unroll/domain.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ build_or_load_domain, tests, and 3D viewer tools.
 """
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Optional
 
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ class UVDomain:
     """Image-to-UV remap plus optional UV-to-world surface map."""
 
     remap: UVRemap
-    surface: Optional[UVSurfaceMap] = None
+    surface: UVSurfaceMap | None = None
 
     @classmethod
     def from_dict(cls, data: dict) -> "UVDomain":

src/orisys/unroll/precompute.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def load_calib_json(json_path):
 
     returns: (K, dist_coeffs, (width, height))
     """
-    with open(json_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+    with open(json_path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
         calib = json.load(f)
     K = np.array(calib["camera_matrix"], dtype=np.float64)
     dist = np.array(calib["distortion"], dtype=np.float64).flatten()

src/orisys/unroll/remap.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ convert source camera frames into the UV flatten domain.
 """
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import Any
 
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ class UVRemap:
     map_x: np.ndarray
     map_y: np.ndarray
     valid_mask: np.ndarray
-    metadata: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
-    _map1_fixed: Optional[np.ndarray] = field(default=None, repr=False, compare=False)
-    _map2_fixed: Optional[np.ndarray] = field(default=None, repr=False, compare=False)
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    _map1_fixed: np.ndarray | None = field(default=None, repr=False, compare=False)
+    _map2_fixed: np.ndarray | None = field(default=None, repr=False, compare=False)
     _border_only_invalid: bool = field(default=False, repr=False, compare=False)
 
     @property
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ def _cache_matches(
     return True
 
 
-def _remap_maps(remap) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray, np.ndarray, bool]:
+def _remap_maps(remap) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray, np.ndarray, bool]:
     if isinstance(remap, UVRemap):
         remap.ensure_fast_maps()
         valid_mask = remap.valid_mask

tests/DIS_no_integrate.py

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import os
 import sys
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Optional
 
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
@@ -35,7 +34,6 @@ for path in (REPO_ROOT, SRC_ROOT):
 
 from orisys.tracker import Tracker  # noqa: E402
 
-
 DEFAULT_CONFIG = "box"
 
 
@@ -125,7 +123,7 @@ class FixedRefDIS:
         preset = dis_preset_from_name(config_tracker.get("dis_preset", "medium"))
         self._dis = cv2.DISOpticalFlow_create(preset)
         self._dis.setFinestScale(int(config_tracker.get("dis_mode", 3)))
-        self._ref: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
+        self._ref: np.ndarray | None = None
 
     def reset(self) -> None:
         self._ref = None
@@ -148,7 +146,7 @@ def make_tracker(config_tracker: dict, *, adaptive: bool) -> Tracker:
     )
 
 
-def read_gray_frame(cap: cv2.VideoCapture, static_image: Optional[np.ndarray]) -> tuple[bool, Optional[np.ndarray]]:
+def read_gray_frame(cap: cv2.VideoCapture, static_image: np.ndarray | None) -> tuple[bool, np.ndarray | None]:
     if static_image is not None:
         return True, static_image.copy()
     ok, frame = cap.read()
@@ -164,11 +162,11 @@ def run_comparison(
     *,
     config_tracker: dict,
     max_frames: int,
-    reset_every: Optional[int],
+    reset_every: int | None,
     show: bool,
 ) -> dict[str, ModeSeries]:
     path = Path(str(source)) if isinstance(source, str) else None
-    static_image: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
+    static_image: np.ndarray | None = None
     if isinstance(source, str) and path is not None and path.is_file():
         img = cv2.imread(str(path), cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
         if img is not None:

tests/conftest.py

@@ -114,7 +114,9 @@ def test_config_name() -> str:
         try:
             if _is_usable_config(name):
                 return name
-        except Exception:
+        except Exception:  # noqa: S112 - a failing config is simply not a candidate
+            # Probe: a config that cannot be loaded or lacks the key is simply not
+            # a candidate. Any such failure is reported if no config survives.
             continue
 
     raise RuntimeError(

tests/dd06.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ os.environ["OPENCV_VIDEOIO_MSMF_ENABLE_HW_TRANSFORMS"] = "0"
 
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
+
 import orisys
 
 _REPO_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]

tests/test_calibration.py

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ import pytest
 
 from orisys import Sensor
 from orisys.calibration import (
-    CalSample,
     CalibrationError,
+    CalSample,
     build,
     check,
     filter_mismatches,

tests/test_capture.py

@@ -22,9 +22,8 @@ from orisys.capture import (
     open_capture,
     pick_default_camera,
 )
-from orisys.capture.source import _apply_stream_props, _warmup_capture
 from orisys.capture.discovery import DEFAULT_LAPTOP_WEBCAM_PATTERNS
-
+from orisys.capture.source import _apply_stream_props, _warmup_capture
 
 MJPG = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*"MJPG")
 YUY2 = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*"YUY2")

tests/test_contact_arrow_scale.py

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ if str(_EXAMPLES) not in sys.path:
     sys.path.insert(0, str(_EXAMPLES))
 
 from viz.contact_arrow import (
-    ContactArrowStyle,
     DEFAULT_CONTACT_ARROW_STYLE,
+    ContactArrowStyle,
     force_visual_strength,
     length_from_force,
     thickness_scale_from_force,

tests/test_draw_arrows.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
-import pytest
 
 from orisys.util import _prepare_draw_mask, draw_arrows
 

tests/test_export.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import pytest
 
 from orisys import FrameSnapshot, StreamRecorder, mosaic_videos
 
-
 _DEFAULT = object()
 
 
@@ -156,7 +155,6 @@ def test_valid_mask_callable_resolved_per_frame(tmp_path):
 
     def mask():
         calls.append(1)
-        return None
 
     path = str(tmp_path / "s0.mp4")
     rec = StreamRecorder(path, grid_spacing=8, overlay_values=False, valid_mask=mask)

tests/test_filter_presets.py

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import pytest
 
 from orisys import Sensor
+from orisys import configs as orisys_configs
 from orisys.calibration import filters_fingerprint
 from orisys.sensor import FILTER_PRESETS, available_filter_presets
-from orisys import configs as orisys_configs
 
 REPO_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
 EXAMPLES = REPO_ROOT / "examples" / "filters"

tests/test_finger_runtime.py

@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@ import numpy as np
 import pytest
 
 import orisys
-from orisys.finger import TactileProcessor, load_finger_export_bundle, resolve_export_paths
+from orisys.finger import (
+    TactileProcessor,
+    load_finger_export_bundle,
+    resolve_export_paths,
+)
 from orisys.finger.exports import DEFAULT_FINGER_MAP_CACHE
 from orisys.finger.runtime import resolve_finger_geometry
 

tests/test_masked_poisson_capfft.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import pytest
 from orisys.backend_availability import CUPY_AVAILABLE
 from orisys.hhd import PoissonSolver, nHHD
 
-
 REPO_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
 
 

tests/test_pyproject.py

@@ -12,7 +12,11 @@ def packaging_utils():
     build_dir = REPO_ROOT / "build"
     if str(build_dir) not in sys.path:
         sys.path.insert(0, str(build_dir))
-    from common.pyproject_utils import extras_require, install_requires, project_metadata
+    from common.pyproject_utils import (
+        extras_require,
+        install_requires,
+        project_metadata,
+    )
 
     return install_requires, extras_require, project_metadata